Abstract
Homeopathic medicines have been examined in plant models for various purposes like promotion of seed germination, growth and physiology of plants, plant disease control, secondary metabolites enhancement, metal detoxification, etc. However, a limited number of the studies question the reliability of the data, which restricts the use of homoeopathy in the plant system. Therefore this meta-analysis was undertaken to investigate the effect of various homoeopathic medicines on seed germination, growth and disease control in wheat (Triticumaestivum L.). A web search was performed on the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed search engine and 16 studies were retrieved based on inclusion and exclusion criterions. Using data from each study, two by two tables were prepared and fixed mean differences for plant growth, odd ratios for seed germination and risk ratio for disease control along with their ninety-five percent confidence intervals were calculated by Inverse Variance method using Review Manager 5.4.1 (Rev Man 5.4.1) software. Data suggests that gibberellic acid significantly reduces the wheat seedling/stalk growth in autumn season with mean difference of -3.99 (95% CI: -4.41, -3.51), with inconsistent effect in winter and spring season. Further, Arsenicum album treatment promoted the seedling growth in wheat with mean difference: 11.86 (95% CI: 11.67, 12.06), while there was no significant effect on seed germination, and odd ratio: 1.27 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.85, P = 0.22). Moreover, various homoeopathic agents significantly reduced the risk of Fusarium and Alternaria infection in wheat seeds. To conclude, meta-analysis of included studies suggests significant effects of homoeopathic agents in various aspects of wheat plant growth and disease management.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid reduced wheat seedling and stalk growth in autumn.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- gibberellic acide0
- Outcome
- wheat seedling/stalk growthe0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Value
- -3.99e0
- Qualifier
- autumn seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Data suggests that gibberellic acid significantly reduces the wheat seedling/stalk growth in autumn season with mean difference of -3.99 (95% CI: -4.41, -3.51), with inconsistent effect in winter and spring season.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid had inconsistent effects on growth in winter and spring.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acide0
- Outcome
- effect in winter and spring seasone0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Data suggests that gibberellic acid significantly reduces the wheat seedling/stalk growth in autumn season with mean difference of -3.99 (95% CI: -4.41, -3.51), with inconsistent effect in winter and spring season.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenicum album promoted wheat seedling growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Arsenicum album treatmente0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Value
- 11.86e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further, Arsenicum album treatment promoted the seedling growth in wheat with mean difference: 11.86 (95% CI: 11.67, 12.06), while there was no significant effect on seed germination, and odd ratio: 1.27 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.85, P = 0.22).”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenicum album showed no significant effect on wheat seed germination.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Arsenicum album treatmente0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Value
- 1.27e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further, Arsenicum album treatment promoted the seedling growth in wheat with mean difference: 11.86 (95% CI: 11.67, 12.06), while there was no significant effect on seed germination, and odd ratio: 1.27 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.85, P = 0.22).”
Claim · model-written summary
Homeopathic agents significantly reduced Fusarium infection risk in wheat seeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- various homoeopathic agentse0
- Outcome
- risk of Fusarium and Alternaria infectione0
- Direction
- reducede0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, various homoeopathic agents significantly reduced the risk of Fusarium and Alternaria infection in wheat seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Homeopathic agents significantly reduced Alternaria infection risk in wheat seeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- various homoeopathic agentse0
- Interactor
- Alternaria
Alternariae0pathogen - Outcome
- risk of Fusarium and Alternaria infectione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, various homoeopathic agents significantly reduced the risk of Fusarium and Alternaria infection in wheat seeds.”
The same questions in other papers
arsenic atom · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Gibberellic acid · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 54 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
63 papers more in this group
See all 67 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.