Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread toxic heavy metal that usually causes deleterious effects in living organisms. In this study, the effects of Cd on seedling growth traits and photosyntheses parameters in cotton were investigated. The seedlings at three-leaf stage cultured in four nutrient solutions containing different Cd concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 μM) were subjected to assay the growth traits and the photosyntheses parameters. The growth traits analyzed included plant height, leaf area, biomasses of leaf, root, and stem, whereas the photosynthetic parameters measured included chlorophyll (Chl) content, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence. The results indicated that after 3 and 7 d treatments of Cd, the growth of cotton seedlings was significantly inhibited, showing that the plant height, biomass, and leaf area were all decreased. The Cd treatments also affected the photosyntheses parameters of the cotton seedlings. Under treatments of 50 and 100 μM concentrations of Cd, the seedlings exhibited significant decreases on Chl a and Chl b, photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomotal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of electron transport (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching (qP), and electronic transport rate (ETR) (P≤0.05). However, the Chl a/b and Ci were increased after the Cd treatments. The dramatic variations of chlorophyll fluorescence values under Cd treatments in comparison with the control (CK) suggested that the photosystem II (PS II) activity in cotton seedlings was much more sensitive to Cd toxicity. Taken together, our results confirm that Cd significantly inhibits the growth traits as well as the photosynthetic parameters in cotton seedlings. The non-stomata limitation, Chl reduction, and PSII system damage act as main limiting factors for affecting photosynthesis and cotton seedling growth under the Cd treatment.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium significantly decreased plant height, biomass and leaf area of cotton seedlings.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse1
- Treatment
- Cde1
- Outcome
- plant height, biomass, and leaf areae1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Setting
- nutrient solutionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seedlings at three-leaf stage cultured in four nutrient solutions containing different Cd concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 μM) were subjected to assay the growth traits and the photosyntheses parameters”
e1“The results indicated that after 3 and 7 d treatments of Cd, the growth of cotton seedlings was significantly inhibited, showing that the plant height, biomass, and leaf area were all decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium at 50 and 100 μM significantly decreased chlorophyll a and b in cotton seedlings compared with the control.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse2
- Treatment
- 50 and 100 μM concentrations of Cde2
- Outcome
- Chl a and Chl be2
- Direction
- decreasese2
- Comparator
- control (CK)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that after 3 and 7 d treatments of Cd, the growth of cotton seedlings was significantly inhibited, showing that the plant height, biomass, and leaf area were all decreased”
e2“Under treatments of 50 and 100 μM concentrations of Cd, the seedlings exhibited significant decreases on Chl a and Chl b, photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomotal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of electron transport (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching (qP), and electronic transport rate (ETR)”
e5“The dramatic variations of chlorophyll fluorescence values under Cd treatments in comparison with the control (CK) suggested that the photosystem II (PS II) activity in cotton seedlings was much more sensitive to Cd toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium at 50 and 100 μM significantly decreased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of cotton seedlings compared with the control.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse2
- Treatment
- 50 and 100 μM concentrations of Cde2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomotal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E)e2
- Direction
- decreasese2
- Comparator
- control (CK)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that after 3 and 7 d treatments of Cd, the growth of cotton seedlings was significantly inhibited, showing that the plant height, biomass, and leaf area were all decreased”
e2“Under treatments of 50 and 100 μM concentrations of Cd, the seedlings exhibited significant decreases on Chl a and Chl b, photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomotal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of electron transport (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching (qP), and electronic transport rate (ETR)”
e5“The dramatic variations of chlorophyll fluorescence values under Cd treatments in comparison with the control (CK) suggested that the photosystem II (PS II) activity in cotton seedlings was much more sensitive to Cd toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium at 50 and 100 μM significantly decreased maximal photochemical efficiency, quantum yield of PSII electron transport and photochemical quenching of cotton seedlings compared with the control.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse2
- Treatment
- 50 and 100 μM concentrations of Cde2
- Outcome
- maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of electron transport (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching (qP)e2
- Direction
- decreasese2
- Comparator
- control (CK)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that after 3 and 7 d treatments of Cd, the growth of cotton seedlings was significantly inhibited, showing that the plant height, biomass, and leaf area were all decreased”
e2“Under treatments of 50 and 100 μM concentrations of Cd, the seedlings exhibited significant decreases on Chl a and Chl b, photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomotal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of electron transport (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching (qP), and electronic transport rate (ETR)”
e5“The dramatic variations of chlorophyll fluorescence values under Cd treatments in comparison with the control (CK) suggested that the photosystem II (PS II) activity in cotton seedlings was much more sensitive to Cd toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium at 50 and 100 μM significantly decreased electronic transport rate of cotton seedlings compared with the control.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse2
- Treatment
- 50 and 100 μM concentrations of Cde2
- Outcome
- electronic transport rate (ETR)e2
- Direction
- decreasese2
- Comparator
- control (CK)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that after 3 and 7 d treatments of Cd, the growth of cotton seedlings was significantly inhibited, showing that the plant height, biomass, and leaf area were all decreased”
e2“Under treatments of 50 and 100 μM concentrations of Cd, the seedlings exhibited significant decreases on Chl a and Chl b, photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomotal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of electron transport (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching (qP), and electronic transport rate (ETR)”
e5“The dramatic variations of chlorophyll fluorescence values under Cd treatments in comparison with the control (CK) suggested that the photosystem II (PS II) activity in cotton seedlings was much more sensitive to Cd toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll a/b ratio and intercellular CO2 concentration of cotton seedlings increased after Cd treatments.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Cd treatmentse4
- Outcome
- Chl a/b and Cie4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- control (CK)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that after 3 and 7 d treatments of Cd, the growth of cotton seedlings was significantly inhibited, showing that the plant height, biomass, and leaf area were all decreased”
e4“However, the Chl a/b and Ci were increased after the Cd treatments”
e5“The dramatic variations of chlorophyll fluorescence values under Cd treatments in comparison with the control (CK) suggested that the photosystem II (PS II) activity in cotton seedlings was much more sensitive to Cd toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
The PS II activity of cotton seedlings appeared more sensitive to Cd than the other photosynthesis parameters.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Cde5
- Outcome
- photosystem II (PS II) activitye5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that after 3 and 7 d treatments of Cd, the growth of cotton seedlings was significantly inhibited, showing that the plant height, biomass, and leaf area were all decreased”
e5“The dramatic variations of chlorophyll fluorescence values under Cd treatments in comparison with the control (CK) suggested that the photosystem II (PS II) activity in cotton seedlings was much more sensitive to Cd toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-stomatal limitation, chlorophyll reduction and PSII damage may be the main limiting factors of photosynthesis and seedling growth under Cd.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume6
- Treatment
- Cd treatmente6
- Outcome
- photosynthesis and cotton seedling growthe6
- Qualifier
- non-stomata limitation, Chl reduction, and PSII system damagee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The non-stomata limitation, Chl reduction, and PSII system damage act as main limiting factors for affecting photosynthesis and cotton seedling growth under the Cd treatment”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.