Abstract
Water deficit is a critical obstacle that devastatingly impacts rice production, particularly in arid regions under current climatic fluctuations. Accordingly, it is decisive to reinforce the drought tolerance of rice by employing sustainable approaches to enhance global food security. The present study aimed at exploring the effect of exogenous application using different biostimulants on physiological, morphological, and yield attributes of diverse rice genotypes under water deficit and well-watered conditions in 2-year field trial. Three diverse rice genotypes (IRAT-112, Giza-178, and IR-64) were evaluated under well-watered (14400 m 3 /ha in total for the entire season) and water deficit (9170 m 3 /ha) conditions and were exogenously sprayed by nano-silicon, potassium sulfate, or proline. The results showed that drought stress substantially decreased all studied photosynthetic pigments, growth traits, and yield attributes compared to well-watered conditions. In contrast, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoprotectants were considerably increased compared with those under well-watered conditions. However, the foliar application of nano-silicon, potassium sulfate, and proline substantially mitigated the deleterious effects of drought stress and markedly enhanced photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities, growth parameters, and yield contributing traits compared to untreated stressed control. Among the assessed treatments, foliar spray with nano-silicon or proline was more effective in promoting drought tolerance. The exogenous application of proline improved chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , and carotenoids by 21.4, 19.6 and 21.0% followed by nano-silicon treatment, which enhanced chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , and carotenoids by 21.1, 17.6 and 9.5% compared to untreated control. Besides, the application of proline demonstrated a superior improvement in the content of proline by 52.5% compared with the untreated control. Moreover, nano-silicon exhibited the maximum enhancement of catalase and peroxidase activity compared to the other treatments. The positive impacts of applied exogenously nano-silicon or proline significantly increased panicle length, number of panicles/plant, number of grains/panicle, fertility percentage, 1000-grain weight, panicle weight, and grain yield, compared to untreated plants under water deficit conditions. In addition, the physiological and agronomic performance of evaluated rice genotypes significantly contrasted under drought conditions. The genotype Giza-178 displayed the best performance under water deficit conditions compared with the other genotypes. Consequently, the integration of applied exogenously nano-silicon or proline with tolerant rice genotype as Giza-178 is an efficient approach to ameliorating drought tolerance and achieving agricultural sustainability under water-scarce conditions in arid environments.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress substantially decreased photosynthetic pigments, growth traits and yield attributes of rice compared with well-watered conditions.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, growth traits, and yield attributese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- well-watered conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought stress substantially decreased all studied photosynthetic pigments, growth traits, and yield attributes compared to well-watered conditions”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoprotectants were considerably increased under drought compared with well-watered conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoprotectantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- well-watered conditionse0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoprotectants were considerably increased compared with those under well-watered conditions”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of nano-silicon, potassium sulfate and proline mitigated the harmful effects of drought and enhanced photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities, growth parameters and yield traits compared with untreated stressed control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- foliar application of nano-silicon, potassium sulfate, and prolinee0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities, growth parameters, and yield contributing traitse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- untreated stressed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the foliar application of nano-silicon, potassium sulfate, and proline substantially mitigated the deleterious effects of drought stress and markedly enhanced photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities, growth parameters, and yield contributing traits compared to untreated stressed control”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline application increased chlorophyll a by 21.4% compared with untreated control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- prolinee0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ae0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 21.4e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of proline improved chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , and carotenoids by 21.4, 19.6 and 21.0%”
e1“compared to untreated control”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline application increased chlorophyll b by 19.6% compared with untreated control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- prolinee0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll be0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 19.6e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of proline improved chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , and carotenoids by 21.4, 19.6 and 21.0%”
e1“compared to untreated control”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline application increased carotenoids by 21.0% compared with untreated control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- prolinee0
- Outcome
- carotenoidse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 21.0%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of proline improved chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , and carotenoids by 21.4, 19.6 and 21.0%”
e1“compared to untreated control”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-silicon treatment increased chlorophyll a by 21.1% compared with untreated control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nano-silicon treatmente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ae0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 21.1e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nano-silicon treatment, which enhanced chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , and carotenoids by 21.1, 17.6 and 9.5%”
e1“compared to untreated control”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-silicon treatment increased chlorophyll b by 17.6% compared with untreated control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nano-silicon treatmente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll be0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 17.6e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nano-silicon treatment, which enhanced chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , and carotenoids by 21.1, 17.6 and 9.5%”
e1“compared to untreated control”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-silicon treatment increased carotenoids by 9.5% compared with untreated control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nano-silicon treatmente0
- Outcome
- carotenoidse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 9.5%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nano-silicon treatment, which enhanced chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , and carotenoids by 21.1, 17.6 and 9.5%”
e1“compared to untreated control”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline application improved proline content by 52.5% compared with the untreated control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application of prolinee0
- Outcome
- content of prolinee0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 52.5%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of proline demonstrated a superior improvement in the content of proline by 52.5% compared with the untreated control”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-silicon gave the maximum enhancement of catalase and peroxidase activity compared with the other treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nano-silicone0
- Outcome
- catalase and peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- maximum enhancemente0
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nano-silicon exhibited the maximum enhancement of catalase and peroxidase activity compared to the other treatments”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous nano-silicon or proline significantly increased panicle length, number of panicles per plant and panicle weight compared with untreated plants under water deficit.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nano-silicon or prolinee0
- Outcome
- panicle length, number of panicles/plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- water deficit conditionse0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The positive impacts of applied exogenously nano-silicon or proline significantly increased panicle length, number of panicles/plant, number of grains/panicle, fertility percentage, 1000-grain weight, panicle weight, and grain yield, compared to untreated plants under water deficit conditions”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous nano-silicon or proline significantly increased number of grains per panicle, fertility percentage and 1000-grain weight compared with untreated plants under water deficit.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nano-silicon or prolinee0
- Outcome
- number of grains/panicle, fertility percentage, 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- water deficit conditionse0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The positive impacts of applied exogenously nano-silicon or proline significantly increased panicle length, number of panicles/plant, number of grains/panicle, fertility percentage, 1000-grain weight, panicle weight, and grain yield, compared to untreated plants under water deficit conditions”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous nano-silicon or proline significantly increased grain yield compared with untreated plants under water deficit.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nano-silicon or prolinee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- water deficit conditionse0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The positive impacts of applied exogenously nano-silicon or proline significantly increased panicle length, number of panicles/plant, number of grains/panicle, fertility percentage, 1000-grain weight, panicle weight, and grain yield, compared to untreated plants under water deficit conditions”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The physiological and agronomic performance of the evaluated rice genotypes differed significantly under drought conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- physiological and agronomic performancee0
- Qualifier
- under drought conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the physiological and agronomic performance of evaluated rice genotypes significantly contrasted under drought conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice genotype Giza-178 displayed the best performance under water deficit conditions compared with the other genotypes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Giza-178e0
- Outcome
- best performancee0
- Qualifier
- water deficit conditionse0
- Comparator
- the other genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The genotype Giza-178 displayed the best performance under water deficit conditions compared with the other genotypes”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Among the assessed treatments, foliar spray with nano-silicon or proline was more effective in promoting drought tolerance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- foliar spray with nano-silicon or prolinee0
- Outcome
- promoting drought tolerancee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- assessed treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the assessed treatments, foliar spray with nano-silicon or proline was more effective in promoting drought tolerance”
t0“rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that combining exogenous nano-silicon or proline with the tolerant genotype Giza-178 is an efficient approach to ameliorating drought tolerance in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- ameliorating drought tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the integration of applied exogenously nano-silicon or proline with tolerant rice genotype as Giza-178 is an efficient approach to ameliorating drought tolerance”
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See all 33 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.