Abstract
Zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) are important micronutrients in plant growth and development. In this study, the effect of Zn and Mn sulfate treatments at different growth stages of mother plants in common bean on seed production and germination potential was carried out. Results showed that zinc sulfate (ZnSo4) treatments significantly affected yield and pod number per plant compared to manganese sulfate tetrahydrate (MnSO4) treatments. Treatment in any form or at any stage of growth increased yield and its components in common bean. The highest efficiency of ZnSO4 was obtained in the pod production stage; MnSO4 enjoyed greater efficiency in the flowering stage; and the minimum efficiency was observed for soil application. The zinc and manganese content in the seed production by foliar application in the stem elongation + flowering + pod production stages were the highest. The two-year performance increase for three-stage consumption of zinc sulfate in comparison to no-consumption and soil consumption was respectively 173 and 202 g/ m2; by using manganese sulfate, the consumption was 92 and 134 g/m2. This increased yield seems economical compared with the costs incurred in the preparation and consumption of it. The increase in seed quality due to the increasing content of micronutrients, especially zinc, was noticeable. The results of the germination experiment showed that the plant dry weight and germination percentage treated with ZnSO4 in the lab were significantly higher than MnSO4. In the treatments by foliar application, the plant height was related to the seeds treated with Zn fertilizer, but in soil treatments, the use or nonuse of Mn fertilizer caused higher plant height. The seed production from the treated crops with foliar application at flowering + stem elongation germination was faster than the other treatments, but the minimum rate was obtained for the control group. The result showed that Zn and Mn-sprayed seeds had a significant impact on the vigor of the seedlings.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate significantly affected yield relative to manganese sulfate tetrahydrate.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- zinc sulfate (ZnSo4)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Comparator
- manganese sulfate tetrahydrate (MnSO4)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“zinc sulfate (ZnSo4) treatments significantly affected yield and pod number per plant compared to manganese sulfate tetrahydrate (MnSO4) treatments”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate significantly affected pod number per plant relative to manganese sulfate.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- zinc sulfate (ZnSo4)e0
- Outcome
- pod number per plante0
- Comparator
- manganese sulfate tetrahydrate (MnSO4)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“zinc sulfate (ZnSo4) treatments significantly affected yield and pod number per plant compared to manganese sulfate tetrahydrate (MnSO4) treatments”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment in any form or stage increased common bean yield and components.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Treatment in any form or at any stage of growthe0
- Outcome
- yield and its componentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment in any form or at any stage of growth increased yield and its components in common bean.”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 had highest efficiency at pod production.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- pod production stagee0
- Outcome
- efficiency of ZnSO4e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest efficiency of ZnSO4 was obtained in the pod production stage”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
MnSO4 was more efficient at flowering.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Outcome
- efficiencye0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MnSO4 enjoyed greater efficiency in the flowering stage”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil application had minimum efficiency.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- soil applicatione0
- Outcome
- efficiencye0
- Direction
- minimume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the minimum efficiency was observed for soil application”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application across three stages produced the highest seed zinc and manganese content.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- foliar application in the stem elongation + flowering + pod production stagese0
- Outcome
- zinc and manganese content in the seede0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The zinc and manganese content in the seed production by foliar application in the stem elongation + flowering + pod production stages were the highest.”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Three-stage zinc sulfate increased two-year performance by 173 g/ m2 versus no use.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- three-stage consumption of zinc sulfatee0
- Outcome
- two-year performancee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 173e0
- Comparator
- no-consumptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two-year performance increase for three-stage consumption of zinc sulfate in comparison to no-consumption and soil consumption was respectively 173 and 202 g/ m2”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Three-stage zinc sulfate increased two-year performance by 202 g/ m2 versus soil use.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- three-stage consumption of zinc sulfatee0
- Outcome
- two-year performancee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 202 g/ m2e0
- Comparator
- soil consumptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two-year performance increase for three-stage consumption of zinc sulfate in comparison to no-consumption and soil consumption was respectively 173 and 202 g/ m2”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Three-stage manganese sulfate increased two-year performance by 92 g/m2 versus no use.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- manganese sulfatee0
- Outcome
- performancee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 92e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two-year performance increase for three-stage consumption of zinc sulfate in comparison to no-consumption and soil consumption was respectively 173 and 202 g/ m2; by using manganese sulfate, the consumption was 92 and 134 g/m2”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Three-stage manganese sulfate increased two-year performance by 134 g/m2 versus soil use.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- manganese sulfatee0
- Outcome
- performancee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 134 g/m2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two-year performance increase for three-stage consumption of zinc sulfate in comparison to no-consumption and soil consumption was respectively 173 and 202 g/ m2; by using manganese sulfate, the consumption was 92 and 134 g/m2”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased micronutrient content, especially zinc, improved seed quality.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Compound
- zince0
- Outcome
- seed qualitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in seed quality due to the increasing content of micronutrients, especially zinc, was noticeable.”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4-treated plants had significantly greater dry weight than MnSO4-treated plants in the lab.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- MnSO4e0
- Setting
- labe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the plant dry weight and germination percentage treated with ZnSO4 in the lab were significantly higher than MnSO4”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4-treated seeds had significantly greater germination percentage than MnSO4-treated seeds in the lab.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- MnSO4e0
- Setting
- labe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the plant dry weight and germination percentage treated with ZnSO4 in the lab were significantly higher than MnSO4”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc treatment was related to plant height.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizere0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the treatments by foliar application, the plant height was related to the seeds treated with Zn fertilizer”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Use or nonuse of manganese fertilizer in soil treatments caused higher plant height.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Mn fertilizere0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in soil treatments, the use or nonuse of Mn fertilizer caused higher plant height”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed from crops treated with foliar fertilizer at flowering and stem elongation germinated faster than other treatments.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- foliar application at flowering + stem elongatione0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed production from the treated crops with foliar application at flowering + stem elongation germination was faster than the other treatments”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The control group had the minimum germination rate.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- ratee0
- Direction
- minimume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the minimum rate was obtained for the control group”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc and manganese spraying significantly affected seedling vigor.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Zn and Mn-sprayede0
- Outcome
- vigor of the seedlingse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn and Mn-sprayed seeds had a significant impact on the vigor of the seedlings”
t0“common bean”
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