Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Alternatives to neonicotinoids against cereal aphids are needed to mitigate aphid resistance and non‐target effects. The emulsifiable oil formulations of two Beauveria bassiana strains, namely Bb registered as a mycoinsecticide and TBb overexpressing an endogenous virulence factor, were tested for seasonal control of cereal aphids at the elongating (April 7) to milk ripening (May 12) stages of winter wheat crop in Yuhang, Zhejiang. Each of three field trials consisted of blank control and the treatments (three randomized 100‐m 2 plots per capita ) of each fungal strain sprayed biweekly at rates of 1.0 × 10 13 and 1.5 × 10 13 conidia ha −1 and 10% imidacloprid WP sprayed biweekly at a label rate. RESULTS Tiller infestation percentage and aphid density in the 5‐week field trials after the first spray were reduced to 18.7–22.4% and 9.1–12.4 aphids per tiller in the fungal treatments, and 12.8–25.3% and 2.8–20.9 aphids per tiller in the chemical treatment, contrasting with 49.2–60.3% and 37.1–108.5 aphids per tiller in the control. Percent control efficacies (±SD) computed with weekly aphid densities over the period averaged 84.0 ± 1.6 and 85.3 ± 1.8 versus 78.0 ± 4.0 and 79.9 ± 3.2 in the high‐rate versus low‐rate treatments of Bb and TBb, respectively, and 84.5 ± 7.8 in the chemical treatment. Imidacloprid showed faster kill action but more variable efficacy than the fungal treatments throughout the trials. CONCLUSION Either Bb or TBb formulation competes with imidacloprid in reducing percent infestation and aphid density. The overall efficacy was significantly higher in the treatments of TBb than of Bb. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal treatments reduced tiller infestation to 18.7–22.4%, versus 49.2–60.3% in controls.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- fungal treatmentse0
- Interactor
- cereal aphidse2pest
- Outcome
- Tiller infestation percentagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18.7–22.4%e0
- Qualifier
- 49.2–60.3%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tiller infestation percentage and aphid density in the 5‐week field trials after the first spray were reduced to 18.7–22.4% and 9.1–12.4 aphids per tiller in the fungal treatments, and 12.8–25.3% and 2.8–20.9 aphids per tiller in the chemical treatment, contrasting with 49.2–60.3% and 37.1–108.5 aphids per tiller in the control”
e1“winter wheat crop”
e2“against cereal aphids are needed”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal treatments reduced aphid density to 9.1–12.4 per tiller, versus 37.1–108.5 in controls.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- fungal treatmentse0
- Interactor
- cereal aphidse2pest
- Outcome
- aphid densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 9.1–12.4 aphids per tillere0
- Qualifier
- 37.1–108.5 aphids per tillere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tiller infestation percentage and aphid density in the 5‐week field trials after the first spray were reduced to 18.7–22.4% and 9.1–12.4 aphids per tiller in the fungal treatments, and 12.8–25.3% and 2.8–20.9 aphids per tiller in the chemical treatment, contrasting with 49.2–60.3% and 37.1–108.5 aphids per tiller in the control”
e1“winter wheat crop”
e2“against cereal aphids are needed”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid reduced tiller infestation to 12.8–25.3%, versus 49.2–60.3% in controls.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 10% imidacloprid WPe2
- Interactor
- cereal aphidse3pest
- Outcome
- Tiller infestation percentagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 12.8–25.3%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tiller infestation percentage and aphid density in the 5‐week field trials after the first spray were reduced to 18.7–22.4% and 9.1–12.4 aphids per tiller in the fungal treatments, and 12.8–25.3% and 2.8–20.9 aphids per tiller in the chemical treatment, contrasting with 49.2–60.3% and 37.1–108.5 aphids per tiller in the control”
e1“winter wheat crop”
e2“10% imidacloprid WP”
e3“against cereal aphids are needed”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid reduced aphid density to 2.8–20.9 per tiller, versus 37.1–108.5 in controls.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 10% imidacloprid WPe2
- Interactor
- cereal aphidse3pest
- Outcome
- aphid densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 2.8–20.9 aphids per tillere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tiller infestation percentage and aphid density in the 5‐week field trials after the first spray were reduced to 18.7–22.4% and 9.1–12.4 aphids per tiller in the fungal treatments, and 12.8–25.3% and 2.8–20.9 aphids per tiller in the chemical treatment, contrasting with 49.2–60.3% and 37.1–108.5 aphids per tiller in the control”
e1“winter wheat crop”
e2“10% imidacloprid WP”
e3“against cereal aphids are needed”
Claim · model-written summary
High-rate Bb control efficacy averaged 84.0 ± 1.6%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Material
- Bbe0
- Treatment
- high‐ratee0
- Interactor
- cereal aphidse3pest
- Outcome
- Percent control efficaciese1
- Value
- 84.0 ± 1.6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“averaged 84.0 ± 1.6 and 85.3 ± 1.8 versus 78.0 ± 4.0 and 79.9 ± 3.2 in the high‐rate versus low‐rate treatments of Bb and TBb, respectively”
e1“Percent control efficacies (±SD)”
e2“winter wheat crop”
e3“against cereal aphids are needed”
Claim · model-written summary
High-rate TBb control efficacy averaged 85.3 ± 1.8%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Material
- TBbe0
- Treatment
- high‐ratee0
- Interactor
- cereal aphidse3pest
- Outcome
- Percent control efficaciese1
- Value
- 85.3 ± 1.8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“averaged 84.0 ± 1.6 and 85.3 ± 1.8 versus 78.0 ± 4.0 and 79.9 ± 3.2 in the high‐rate versus low‐rate treatments of Bb and TBb, respectively”
e1“Percent control efficacies (±SD)”
e2“winter wheat crop”
e3“against cereal aphids are needed”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-rate Bb control efficacy averaged 78.0 ± 4.0%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Material
- Bbe0
- Treatment
- low‐ratee0
- Interactor
- cereal aphidse3pest
- Outcome
- Percent control efficaciese1
- Value
- 78.0 ± 4.0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“averaged 84.0 ± 1.6 and 85.3 ± 1.8 versus 78.0 ± 4.0 and 79.9 ± 3.2 in the high‐rate versus low‐rate treatments of Bb and TBb, respectively”
e1“Percent control efficacies (±SD)”
e2“winter wheat crop”
e3“against cereal aphids are needed”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-rate TBb control efficacy averaged 79.9 ± 3.2%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Material
- TBbe0
- Treatment
- low‐ratee0
- Interactor
- cereal aphidse3pest
- Outcome
- Percent control efficaciese1
- Value
- 79.9 ± 3.2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“averaged 84.0 ± 1.6 and 85.3 ± 1.8 versus 78.0 ± 4.0 and 79.9 ± 3.2 in the high‐rate versus low‐rate treatments of Bb and TBb, respectively”
e1“Percent control efficacies (±SD)”
e2“winter wheat crop”
e3“against cereal aphids are needed”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid control efficacy averaged 84.5 ± 7.8%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- 10% imidacloprid WPe3
- Interactor
- cereal aphidse4pest
- Outcome
- Percent control efficaciese1
- Value
- 84.5 ± 7.8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“84.5 ± 7.8 in the chemical treatment”
e1“Percent control efficacies (±SD)”
e2“winter wheat crop”
e3“10% imidacloprid WP”
e4“against cereal aphids are needed”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid killed aphids faster than fungal treatments.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Imidaclopride0
- Interactor
- cereal aphidse2pest
- Outcome
- kill actione0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Comparator
- fungal treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imidacloprid showed faster kill action but more variable efficacy than the fungal treatments throughout the trials”
e1“winter wheat crop”
e2“against cereal aphids are needed”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid efficacy was more variable than fungal treatments.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Imidaclopride0
- Interactor
- cereal aphidse2pest
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- more variablee0
- Comparator
- fungal treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imidacloprid showed faster kill action but more variable efficacy than the fungal treatments throughout the trials”
e1“winter wheat crop”
e2“against cereal aphids are needed”
Claim · model-written summary
TBb had significantly higher overall efficacy than Bb.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- TBbe0
- Interactor
- cereal aphidse2pest
- Outcome
- overall efficacye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Bbe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall efficacy was significantly higher in the treatments of TBb than of Bb”
e1“winter wheat crop”
e2“against cereal aphids are needed”
The same questions in other papers
imidacloprid · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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See all 10 papers →imidacloprid · pest · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.