Abstract
The effects of planting date and application rate of imidacloprid for control of Schizaphis graminum Rondani, Rhopalosiphum padi L. (Homoptera: Aphididae), and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in hard red winter wheat were studied. The first experiment was conducted from 1997 to 1999 at two locations and consisted of three planting dates and four rates of imidacloprid-treated seed. The second experiment was conducted from 2001 to 2002 in Stillwater, OK, and consisted of two varieties of hard red winter wheat seed and four rates of imidacloprid. Aphid densities, occurrence of BYDV, yield components, and final grain yield were measured, and yield differences were used to estimate the economic return obtained from using imidacloprid. In the first study, aphid populations responded to insecticide rate in the early and middle plantings, but the response was reduced in the late planting. Yields increased as insecticide rate increased but did not always result in a positive economic return. In the second study, imidacloprid seed treatments reduced aphid numbers and BYD occurrence, protected yield, and resulted in a positive economic return. The presence of aphids and BYDV lowered yield by reducing fertile head density, total kernel weight, and test weight. Whereas the application of imidacloprid seed treatments often provided positive yield protection, it did not did not consistently provide a positive economic return. A positive economic return was consistently obtained if the cereal aphid was carrying and transmitting BYDV and was more likely to occur if wheat was treated with a low rate if imidacloprid and planted in a “dual purpose” planting date window.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid populations responded to insecticide rate in early and middle wheat plantings, with a reduced response in late planting.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- insecticide ratee0
- Outcome
- aphid populationse0
- Direction
- response was reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aphid populations responded to insecticide rate in the early and middle plantings, but the response was reduced in the late planting.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yields increased with insecticide rate.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- insecticide ratee0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields increased as insecticide rate increased”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing insecticide rate did not always produce a positive economic return.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- positive economic returne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not always result in a positive economic return.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid seed treatment reduced aphid numbers in wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- imidacloprid seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- aphid numberse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imidacloprid seed treatments reduced aphid numbers and BYD occurrence, protected yield, and resulted in a positive economic return.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid seed treatment reduced barley yellow dwarf occurrence in wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- imidacloprid seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- BYD occurrencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imidacloprid seed treatments reduced aphid numbers and BYD occurrence, protected yield, and resulted in a positive economic return.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid seed treatment protected wheat yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- imidacloprid seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- protectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imidacloprid seed treatments reduced aphid numbers and BYD occurrence, protected yield, and resulted in a positive economic return.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid seed treatment produced a positive economic return in the second study.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- positive economic returne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulted in a positive economic return.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphids and barley yellow dwarf virus lowered wheat yield by reducing fertile head density, total kernel weight and test weight.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Second interactor
- BYDV
Barley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen - Outcome
- yielde0
- Qualifier
- reducing fertile head density, total kernel weight, and test weighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of aphids and BYDV lowered yield by reducing fertile head density, total kernel weight, and test weight.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid seed treatment often protected wheat yield, but positive economic returns were inconsistent.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- positive economic returne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imidacloprid seed treatments often provided positive yield protection, it did not did not consistently provide a positive economic return.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Positive economic return was consistent when cereal aphids transmitted BYDV.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- cereal aphide0pest
- Outcome
- positive economic returne0
- Direction
- consistently obtainede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A positive economic return was consistently obtained if the cereal aphid was carrying and transmitting BYDV”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Positive economic return was more likely with a low imidacloprid rate and a dual purpose planting date.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- low rate if imidaclopride0
- Outcome
- more likely to occure0
- Direction
- more likelye0
- Qualifier
- “dual purpose” planting date windowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more likely to occur if wheat was treated with a low rate if imidacloprid and planted in a “dual purpose” planting date window.”
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See all 301 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.