Abstract
The increasing atmospheric [CO 2 ] poses great challenges to wheat production. Currently, the response of starch characteristics in different specialized wheat cultivars to elevated [CO 2 ], as well as the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms remains unclear. Therefore, an experiment was conducted with open-top chambers to study the effects of ambient [CO 2 ] [a(CO 2 )] and elevated [CO 2 ] [e(CO 2 )] on photosynthetic performance, yield and starch characteristics of bread wheat (Zhengmai 369, ZM369) and biscuit wheat (Yangmai 15, YM15) from 2020 to 2022. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in photosynthetic performance, yield, amylose and amylopectin content, volume ratio of large granules under e[CO 2 ]. Moreover, e[CO 2 ] upregulated the gene expression and enzyme activities of GBSS (Granule-bound starch synthase) and SSS (Soluble starch synthase), increased starch pasting viscosity, gelatinization enthalpy and crystallinity. Compared to YM15, ZM369 exhibited a higher upregulation of GBSSI , greater increase in amylose content and volume ratio of large granules, as well as higher gelatinization enthalpy and crystallinity. However, ZM369 showed a lower increase in amylopectin content and a lower upregulation of SSSI and SSSII . Correlation analysis revealed amylose and amylopectin content had a positive correlation with GBSS and SSS, respectively, a significant positively correlation among the amylose and amylopectin content, starch granule volume, and pasting properties. In conclusion, these changes may enhance the utilization value of biscuit wheat but exhibit an opposite effect on bread wheat. The results provide a basis for selecting suitable wheat cultivars and ensuring food security under future climate change conditions.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated [CO2] significantly improved photosynthetic performance and yield of wheat compared with ambient [CO2] in open-top chambers.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- bread wheat (Zhengmai 369, ZM369) and biscuit wheat (Yangmai 15, YM15)e1
- Treatment
- e[CO 2 ]e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic performance, yielde0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Comparator
- ambient [CO 2 ]e2
- Setting
- open-top chamberse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“specialized wheat”
e0“The results demonstrated a significant improvement in photosynthetic performance, yield, amylose and amylopectin content, volume ratio of large granules under e[CO 2 ]”
e1“bread wheat (Zhengmai 369, ZM369) and biscuit wheat (Yangmai 15, YM15)”
e2“effects of ambient [CO 2 ] [a(CO 2 )] and elevated [CO 2 ] [e(CO 2 )]”
e3“open-top chambers”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated [CO2] significantly improved amylose and amylopectin content and the volume ratio of large granules in wheat compared with ambient [CO2].
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- bread wheat (Zhengmai 369, ZM369) and biscuit wheat (Yangmai 15, YM15)e1
- Treatment
- e[CO 2 ]e0
- Outcome
- amylose and amylopectin content, volume ratio of large granulese0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Comparator
- ambient [CO 2 ]e2
- Setting
- open-top chamberse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“specialized wheat”
e0“The results demonstrated a significant improvement in photosynthetic performance, yield, amylose and amylopectin content, volume ratio of large granules under e[CO 2 ]”
e1“bread wheat (Zhengmai 369, ZM369) and biscuit wheat (Yangmai 15, YM15)”
e2“effects of ambient [CO 2 ] [a(CO 2 )] and elevated [CO 2 ] [e(CO 2 )]”
e3“open-top chambers”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated [CO2] upregulated GBSS gene expression and enzyme activity in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- e[CO 2 ]e0
- Gene
- GBSSe0
- Outcome
- gene expression and enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Comparator
- ambient [CO 2 ]e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“specialized wheat”
e0“e[CO 2 ] upregulated the gene expression and enzyme activities of GBSS (Granule-bound starch synthase) and SSS (Soluble starch synthase)”
e1“effects of ambient [CO 2 ] [a(CO 2 )] and elevated [CO 2 ] [e(CO 2 )]”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated [CO2] upregulated SSS gene expression and enzyme activity in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- e[CO 2 ]e0
- Gene
- SSSe0
- Outcome
- gene expression and enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Comparator
- ambient [CO 2 ]e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“specialized wheat”
e0“e[CO 2 ] upregulated the gene expression and enzyme activities of GBSS (Granule-bound starch synthase) and SSS (Soluble starch synthase)”
e1“effects of ambient [CO 2 ] [a(CO 2 )] and elevated [CO 2 ] [e(CO 2 )]”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated [CO2] increased starch pasting viscosity, gelatinization enthalpy and crystallinity in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- e[CO 2 ]e1
- Outcome
- starch pasting viscosity, gelatinization enthalpy and crystallinitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- ambient [CO 2 ]e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“specialized wheat”
e0“increased starch pasting viscosity, gelatinization enthalpy and crystallinity”
e1“e[CO 2 ] upregulated the gene expression and enzyme activities of GBSS (Granule-bound starch synthase) and SSS (Soluble starch synthase)”
e2“effects of ambient [CO 2 ] [a(CO 2 )] and elevated [CO 2 ] [e(CO 2 )]”
Claim · model-written summary
Bread wheat ZM369 showed a higher upregulation of GBSSI than biscuit wheat YM15.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- ZM369e0
- Gene
- GBSSIe0
- Outcome
- upregulation of GBSSIe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- YM15e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“specialized wheat”
e0“Compared to YM15, ZM369 exhibited a higher upregulation of GBSSI , greater increase in amylose content and volume ratio of large granules, as well as higher gelatinization enthalpy and crystallinity”
Claim · model-written summary
ZM369 showed a greater increase in amylose content and volume ratio of large granules than YM15.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- ZM369e0
- Outcome
- amylose content and volume ratio of large granulese0
- Direction
- greater increasee0
- Comparator
- YM15e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“specialized wheat”
e0“Compared to YM15, ZM369 exhibited a higher upregulation of GBSSI , greater increase in amylose content and volume ratio of large granules, as well as higher gelatinization enthalpy and crystallinity”
Claim · model-written summary
ZM369 showed higher gelatinization enthalpy and crystallinity than YM15.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- ZM369e0
- Outcome
- gelatinization enthalpy and crystallinitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- YM15e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“specialized wheat”
e0“Compared to YM15, ZM369 exhibited a higher upregulation of GBSSI , greater increase in amylose content and volume ratio of large granules, as well as higher gelatinization enthalpy and crystallinity”
Claim · model-written summary
ZM369 showed a lower increase in amylopectin content than YM15.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- ZM369e0
- Outcome
- amylopectin contente0
- Direction
- lower increasee0
- Comparator
- YM15e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“specialized wheat”
e0“However, ZM369 showed a lower increase in amylopectin content and a lower upregulation of SSSI and SSSII”
e1“Compared to YM15, ZM369 exhibited a higher upregulation of GBSSI , greater increase in amylose content and volume ratio of large granules, as well as higher gelatinization enthalpy and crystallinity”
Claim · model-written summary
ZM369 showed a lower upregulation of SSSI and SSSII than YM15.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- ZM369e0
- Gene
- SSSI and SSSIIe0
- Outcome
- upregulatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- YM15e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“specialized wheat”
e0“However, ZM369 showed a lower increase in amylopectin content and a lower upregulation of SSSI and SSSII”
e1“Compared to YM15, ZM369 exhibited a higher upregulation of GBSSI , greater increase in amylose content and volume ratio of large granules, as well as higher gelatinization enthalpy and crystallinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Amylose content was positively correlated with GBSS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- GBSSe0
- Outcome
- amylosee0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“specialized wheat”
e0“Correlation analysis revealed amylose and amylopectin content had a positive correlation with GBSS and SSS, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Amylopectin content was positively correlated with SSS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- SSSe0
- Outcome
- amylopectine0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“specialized wheat”
e0“Correlation analysis revealed amylose and amylopectin content had a positive correlation with GBSS and SSS, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Amylose and amylopectin content, starch granule volume and pasting properties were significantly positively correlated.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- amylose and amylopectin content, starch granule volume, and pasting propertiese0
- Direction
- positively correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“specialized wheat”
e0“a significant positively correlation among the amylose and amylopectin content, starch granule volume, and pasting properties”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes under elevated [CO2] may enhance the utilization value of biscuit wheat but have an opposite effect on bread wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- biscuit wheate0
- Outcome
- utilization valuee0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“specialized wheat”
e0“these changes may enhance the utilization value of biscuit wheat but exhibit an opposite effect on bread wheat”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 97 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.