Abstract
Abstract The yield traits and physiological responses of three wheat genotypes were studied when subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stress at anthesis under either aCO 2 (400 ppm) or eCO 2 (800 ppm) in a greenhouse. The heat treatment was 7‐days at day/night 35/28°C, and the combined heat and drought was withholding irrigation from the heat‐stressed plants until the photosynthetic rate reached <5 μmol m −2 s −1 . The LM62 genotype had higher photosynthetic rate compared with LM19, though no significant difference in grain yield was found. eCO 2 increased photosynthesis at 35°C and significantly lowered the electron transport rate at high intercellular CO 2 concentrations. Maximum velocity of Rubisco carboxylation ( V cmax ) and the maximum velocity of RuBP regeneration in leaves ( J max ) increased in 35°C compared with 25°C, though when normalized to 25°C both V cmax and J max decreased in the heat‐stressed plants, indicating that an inhibition had occurred. The maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II ( F v / F m ) decreased under heat, which correlated with the yield loss caused by the stress. F v / F m also decreased under combined heat and drought, though it did not related to the declined yield. A small leaf area prolonged the drying period of Gladius, and it was the genotype with the lowest decrease in yield because of stress. It is concluded that the effects of heat and combined heat and drought stress on the gas exchange and photosynthetic capacity on leaf area basis are not directly linked to the yield performance among wheat genotypes, while the morphological characteristics of the plants are important determinants of grain yield in response to those abiotic stresses.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
LM62 had a higher photosynthetic rate than LM19.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- LM62e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- LM19e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The LM62 genotype had higher photosynthetic rate compared with LM19, though no significant difference in grain yield was found.”
t0“spring wheat subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield did not differ significantly between LM62 and LM19.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- LM62e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Comparator
- LM19e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The LM62 genotype had higher photosynthetic rate compared with LM19, though no significant difference in grain yield was found.”
t0“spring wheat subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased photosynthesis at 35°C.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 35°Ce0
- Comparator
- aCO 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eCO 2 increased photosynthesis at 35°C”
t0“spring wheat subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stresses”
e1“at anthesis under either aCO 2 (400 ppm) or eCO 2 (800 ppm) in a greenhouse.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly lowered electron transport at high intercellular CO2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e1
- Outcome
- electron transport ratee0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Qualifier
- high intercellular CO 2 concentrationse0
- Comparator
- aCO 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly lowered the electron transport rate at high intercellular CO 2 concentrations.”
t0“spring wheat subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stresses”
e1“at anthesis under either aCO 2 (400 ppm) or eCO 2 (800 ppm) in a greenhouse.”
Claim · model-written summary
V cmax increased at 35°C relative to 25°C.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 35°Ce0
- Outcome
- Maximum velocity of Rubisco carboxylatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 25°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum velocity of Rubisco carboxylation ( V cmax ) and the maximum velocity of RuBP regeneration in leaves ( J max ) increased in 35°C compared with 25°C”
t0“spring wheat subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
J max increased at 35°C relative to 25°C.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 35°Ce0
- Outcome
- maximum velocity of RuBP regeneration in leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 25°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum velocity of RuBP regeneration in leaves ( J max ) increased in 35°C compared with 25°C”
t0“spring wheat subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature-normalized V cmax declined in heat-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat‐stressed plantse0
- Outcome
- V cmaxe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 25°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when normalized to 25°C both V cmax and J max decreased in the heat‐stressed plants”
t0“spring wheat subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature-normalized J max declined in heat-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat‐stressed plantse0
- Outcome
- J maxe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 25°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when normalized to 25°C both V cmax and J max decreased in the heat‐stressed plants”
t0“spring wheat subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
F v / F m decreased under heat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heate0
- Outcome
- maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem IIe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II ( F v / F m ) decreased under heat”
t0“spring wheat subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-related F v / F m decline correlated with yield loss.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heatt1
- Outcome
- yield losse0
- Qualifier
- correlated with the yield loss caused by the stresse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which correlated with the yield loss caused by the stress.”
t0“spring wheat subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stresses”
t1“spring wheat subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
F v / F m declined under combined heat and drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined heat and droughte0
- Outcome
- F v / F me0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F v / F m also decreased under combined heat and drought”
t0“spring wheat subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
The F v / F m decline under combined stress did not relate to yield decline.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined heat and droughte1
- Outcome
- declined yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“though it did not related to the declined yield.”
t0“spring wheat subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stresses”
e1“F v / F m also decreased under combined heat and drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Small leaf area prolonged drying in Gladius.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Gladiuse0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- drying periode0
- Direction
- prolongede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A small leaf area prolonged the drying period of Gladius”
t0“spring wheat subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Gladius had the lowest stress-induced yield decrease.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Gladiuse1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowest decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was the genotype with the lowest decrease in yield because of stress.”
t0“spring wheat subjected to heat and combined heat and drought stresses”
e1“A small leaf area prolonged the drying period of Gladius”
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