Abstract
Hot days are becoming hotter and more frequent, threatening wheat yields worldwide. Developing wheat varieties ready for future climates calls for improved understanding of how elevated CO2 (eCO2) and heat stress (HS) interactively impact wheat yields. We grew a modern, high-yielding wheat cultivar (Scout) at ambient CO2 (aCO2, 419 μl l -1) or eCO2 (654 μl l-1) in a glasshouse maintained at 22/15 °C (day/night). Half of the plants were exposed to HS (40/24 °C) for 5 d at anthesis. In non-HS plants, eCO2 enhanced (+36%) CO2 assimilation rates (Asat) measured at growth CO2 despite down-regulation of photosynthetic capacity. HS reduced Asat (-42%) in aCO2- but not in eCO2-grown plants because eCO2 protected photosynthesis by increasing ribulose bisphosphate regeneration capacity and reducing photochemical damage under HS. eCO2 stimulated biomass (+35%) of all plants and grain yield (+30%) of non-HS plants only. Plant biomass initially decreased following HS but recovered at maturity due to late tillering. HS equally reduced grain yield (-40%) in aCO2- and eCO2-grown plants due to grain abortion and reduced grain filling. While eCO2 mitigated the negative impacts of HS at anthesis on wheat photosynthesis and biomass, grain yield was reduced by HS in both CO2 treatments.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Under no heat stress, elevated CO2 increased assimilation by 36%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“In non-HS plants, eCO2 enhanced (+36%) CO2 assimilation rates (Asat) measured at growth CO2 despite down-regulation of photosynthetic capacity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 down-regulated photosynthetic capacity in non-heat-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“In non-HS plants, eCO2 enhanced (+36%) CO2 assimilation rates (Asat) measured at growth CO2 despite down-regulation of photosynthetic capacity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress reduced assimilation by 42% under ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“HS reduced Asat (-42%) in aCO2- but not in eCO2-grown plants because eCO2 protected photosynthesis by increasing ribulose bisphosphate regeneration capacity and reducing photochemical damage under HS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress did not reduce assimilation under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“HS reduced Asat (-42%) in aCO2- but not in eCO2-grown plants because eCO2 protected photosynthesis by increasing ribulose bisphosphate regeneration capacity and reducing photochemical damage under HS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased ribulose bisphosphate regeneration capacity under heat stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“HS reduced Asat (-42%) in aCO2- but not in eCO2-grown plants because eCO2 protected photosynthesis by increasing ribulose bisphosphate regeneration capacity and reducing photochemical damage under HS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced photochemical damage under heat stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“HS reduced Asat (-42%) in aCO2- but not in eCO2-grown plants because eCO2 protected photosynthesis by increasing ribulose bisphosphate regeneration capacity and reducing photochemical damage under HS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased biomass by 35%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“eCO2 stimulated biomass (+35%) of all plants and grain yield (+30%) of non-HS plants only.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased grain yield by 30% in plants without heat stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“eCO2 stimulated biomass (+35%) of all plants and grain yield (+30%) of non-HS plants only.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass initially fell after heat stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Plant biomass initially decreased following HS but recovered at maturity due to late tillering.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass recovered at maturity through late tillering.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Plant biomass initially decreased following HS but recovered at maturity due to late tillering.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress reduced grain yield 40% at both CO2 levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“HS equally reduced grain yield (-40%) in aCO2- and eCO2-grown plants due to grain abortion and reduced grain filling.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute yield loss to grain abortion and reduced grain filling.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“HS equally reduced grain yield (-40%) in aCO2- and eCO2-grown plants due to grain abortion and reduced grain filling.”
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