Abstract
The demand for high-quality strawberries continues to grow, emphasizing the need for innovative agricultural practices to enhance both yield and fruit quality. In this context, the utilization of natural products, such as biostimulants, has emerged as a promising avenue for improving strawberry production while aligning with sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural approaches. This study explores the influence of a bacterial filtrate (BF), a vegetal-derived protein hydrolysate (PH), and a standard synthetic auxin (SA) on strawberry, investigating their effects on yield, fruit quality, mineral composition and metabolomics of leaves and fruits. Agronomic trial revealed that SA and BF significantly enhanced early fruit yield due to their positive influence on flowering and fruit set, while PH treatment favored a gradual and prolonged fruit set, associated with an increased shoot biomass and sustained production. Fruit quality analysis showed that PH-treated fruits exhibited an increase of firmness and soluble solids content, whereas SA-treated fruits displayed lower firmness and soluble solids content. The ionomic analysis of leaves and fruits indicated that all treatments provided sufficient nutrients, with heavy metals within regulatory limits. Metabolomics indicated that PH stimulated primary metabolites, while SA and BF directly affected flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis, and PH increased fruit quality through enhanced production of beneficial metabolites. This research offers valuable insights for optimizing strawberry production and fruit quality by harnessing the potential of natural biostimulants as viable alternative to synthetic compounds.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic auxin significantly enhanced early fruit yield.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- early fruit yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“SA and BF significantly enhanced early fruit yield due to their positive influence on flowering and fruit set”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial filtrate significantly enhanced early fruit yield.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BFe0
- Outcome
- early fruit yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA and BF significantly enhanced early fruit yield due to their positive influence on flowering and fruit set”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic auxin positively influenced flowering and fruit set.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- flowering and fruit sete0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA and BF significantly enhanced early fruit yield due to their positive influence on flowering and fruit set”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial filtrate positively influenced flowering and fruit set.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BFe0
- Outcome
- flowering and fruit sete0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA and BF significantly enhanced early fruit yield due to their positive influence on flowering and fruit set”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein hydrolysate favored gradual, prolonged fruit set.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- PH treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- gradual and prolongede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PH treatment favored a gradual and prolonged fruit set, associated with an increased shoot biomass and sustained production”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein hydrolysate was associated with increased shoot biomass.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- PH treatmente0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PH treatment favored a gradual and prolonged fruit set, associated with an increased shoot biomass and sustained production”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein hydrolysate was associated with sustained production.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- PH treatmente0
- Outcome
- productione0
- Direction
- sustainede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PH treatment favored a gradual and prolonged fruit set, associated with an increased shoot biomass and sustained production”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein hydrolysate increased fruit firmness and soluble solids.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- PH-treatede0
- Outcome
- firmness and soluble solids contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PH-treated fruits exhibited an increase of firmness and soluble solids content”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic auxin lowered fruit firmness and soluble solids.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- SA-treatede0
- Outcome
- firmness and soluble solids contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA-treated fruits displayed lower firmness and soluble solids content”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments provided sufficient nutrients.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Outcome
- nutrientse0
- Direction
- sufficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all treatments provided sufficient nutrients, with heavy metals within regulatory limits”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metals remained within regulatory limits under all treatments.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Outcome
- heavy metalse0
- Qualifier
- regulatory limitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all treatments provided sufficient nutrients, with heavy metals within regulatory limits”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein hydrolysate stimulated primary metabolites.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- PHe0
- Outcome
- primary metabolitese0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PH stimulated primary metabolites”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic auxin affected flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesise0
- Direction
- affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA and BF directly affected flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial filtrate affected flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BFe0
- Outcome
- flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesise0
- Direction
- affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA and BF directly affected flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein hydrolysate increased fruit quality through beneficial metabolite production.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- PHe0
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- enhanced production of beneficial metabolitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PH increased fruit quality through enhanced production of beneficial metabolites”
t0“strawberry”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.