Abstract
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as lead (Pb)] is becoming a serious global problem due to the rapid development of the social economy. Organic chelating agents such as maleic acid (MA) and tartaric acid (TA) are more efficient, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable compared to inorganic chelating agents and they enhance the solubility, absorption, and stability of metals. To investigate this, we conducted a hydroponic experiment to assess the impact of MA (0.25 mM) and TA (1 mM) on enhancing the phytoremediation of Pb under its toxic concentration of 100 μM, using the oil seed crop canola (Brassica napus L.). Results from the present study showed that the Pb toxicity significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes and nutritional contents from the roots and shoots of the plants. In contrast, toxic concentration of Pb significantly (P < 0.05) increased oxidative stress indicators in term of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage, increased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antixoidants and their specific gene expression and also increased organic acid exudation patter in the roots of B. napus. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that Pb toxicity significantly affected double membranous organelles while Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed an nveiled distinct peak variations in Pb-treated plants, when compared to control. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that Pb toxicity significantly affected double-membrane organelles, while Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy unveiled distinct peak variations in Pb-treated plants compared to the control. The negative impact of Pb toxicity can overcome the application of MA and TA, which ultimately increased plant growth and biomass by capturing the reactive oxygen species, and decreased oxidative stress in B. napus. With the application of MA and TA, the values of the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) exceeded 1, indicating that the use of MA and TA enhances the phytoremediation potential of B. napus under Pb stress conditions. This finding could be beneficial for field environment studies, especially when explored through in-depth genetic and molecular analysis.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Lead toxicity significantly reduced canola growth, biomass, photosynthetic traits and nutrient contents.
- Taxon
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napust0 - Organ / stage
- roots and shootse0
- Treatment
- Pb toxicitye0
- Outcome
- plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes and nutritional contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Pb toxicity significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes and nutritional contents from the roots and shoots of the plants”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead toxicity significantly increased oxidative stress indicators in canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- toxic concentration of Pbe0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress indicators in term of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“toxic concentration of Pb significantly (P < 0.05) increased oxidative stress indicators in term of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead toxicity increased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and their gene expression.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- toxic concentration of Pbe1
- Outcome
- enzymatic and non-enzymatic antixoidants and their specific gene expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antixoidants and their specific gene expression”
e1“toxic concentration of Pb”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead toxicity increased root organic acid exudation in B. napus.
- Taxon
- B. napus
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- toxic concentration of Pbe1
- Outcome
- organic acid exudation pattere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“increased organic acid exudation patter in the roots of B. napus”
e1“toxic concentration of Pb”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead toxicity significantly affected double-membrane organelles in canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Pb toxicitye0
- Outcome
- double-membrane organellese0
- Comparator
- controle1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb toxicity significantly affected double-membrane organelles”
e1“compared to the control”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
FTIR spectra showed distinct peak variations in lead-treated canola compared with control.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Pb-treatede0
- Outcome
- distinct peak variationse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy unveiled distinct peak variations in Pb-treated plants compared to the control”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maleic acid increased growth and biomass under lead stress.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- MA (0.25 mM)e1
- Outcome
- plant growth and biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of MA and TA, which ultimately increased plant growth and biomass”
e1“MA (0.25 mM)”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tartaric acid increased growth and biomass under lead stress.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- TA (1 mM)e1
- Outcome
- plant growth and biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of MA and TA, which ultimately increased plant growth and biomass”
e1“TA (1 mM)”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maleic acid decreased oxidative stress under lead stress.
- Taxon
- B. napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- MA (0.25 mM)e1
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of MA and TA, which ultimately increased plant growth and biomass by capturing the reactive oxygen species, and decreased oxidative stress in B. napus”
e1“MA (0.25 mM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tartaric acid decreased oxidative stress under lead stress.
- Taxon
- B. napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- TA (1 mM)e1
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of MA and TA, which ultimately increased plant growth and biomass by capturing the reactive oxygen species, and decreased oxidative stress in B. napus”
e1“TA (1 mM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maleic and tartaric acid application yielded a bioaccumulation factor above one.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- application of MA and TAe0
- Outcome
- bioaccumulation factor (BAF)e0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Value
- 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the application of MA and TA, the values of the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) exceeded 1”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maleic and tartaric acid application yielded a translocation factor above one.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- application of MA and TAe0
- Outcome
- translocation factor (TF)e0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Value
- 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the application of MA and TA, the values of the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) exceeded 1”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
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heavy metal · physiology: photosynthesis · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
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5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.