Abstract
The possible interaction of two stresses, UV-B radiation and cadmium, applied simultaneously, was investigated in Brassica napus L. cv. Paroll with respect to chlorophyll fluorescence, growth and uptake of selected elements. Plants were grown in nutrient solution containing CdCl2, (0, 0.5, 2 or 5 μM) and irradiated with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm, 800 μmol m−2 s−1) with or without supplemental ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280–320 nm, 15 kJ m−2 d−1, weighted irradiance). After 14 d of treatment, the most pronounced effects were found at 2 and 5 μM CdCl2 with and without supplemental UV-B radiation. Exposure to cadmium significantly increased the amount of Cd in both roots and shoots. In addition, increases occurred in the concentration of Fe, Zn, Cu, and P in roots, while K was reduced. In shoots the S content rose significantly both in the presence and absence of UV-B radiation, while significant increases in Mg, Ca, P, Cu, and K occurred only in plants exposed to Cd and UV-B radiation. Manganese decreased significantly under the combined exposure treatment. The rise in S content may have been due to stimulated glutathione and phytochelatin synthesis. Cadmium exposure significantly decreased root dry weight, leaf area, total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, and the photochemical quantum yield of photosynthesis. As an estimation of energy dissipation processes in photosynthesis, non photochemical quenching (qNPQ) was measured using a pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer. The qNPQ increased with increasing Cd, while the combination of cadmium and UV-B reduced the qNPQ compared to that in plants exposed only to cadmium or UV-B radiation. The chlorophyll a : b ratio showed a reduction with UV-B at no or low Cd concentrations (0 μM, 0.5 μM CdCl2), but not at the higher Cd concentrations used (2 μM, 5 μM CdCl2). Thus in some instances there appeared to be a UV-B and Cd interaction, while in others plant response could be attributed to either treatment alone.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased Cd in roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napust0 - Treatment
- cadmiume0
- Outcome
- amount of Cd in both roots and shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to cadmium significantly increased the amount of Cd in both roots and shoots”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased Fe, Zn, Cu, and P concentrations in roots.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- cadmiume1
- Outcome
- concentration of Fe, Zn, Cu, and P in rootse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increases occurred in the concentration of Fe, Zn, Cu, and P in roots”
e1“cadmium significantly increased”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced root K.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- cadmiume1
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while K was reduced”
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“Exposure to cadmium”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot S rose with and without UV-B during cadmium exposure.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- cadmiume1
- Outcome
- S contente0
- Direction
- rosee0
- Qualifier
- both in the presence and absence of UV-B radiatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In shoots the S content rose significantly both in the presence and absence of UV-B radiation”
e1“Exposure to cadmium”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Mg, Ca, and P increased in shoots only with combined cadmium and UV-B.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Cd and UV-B radiatione0
- Outcome
- Mg, Ca, Pe0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant increases in Mg, Ca, P, Cu, and K occurred only in plants exposed to Cd and UV-B radiation”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu and K increased in shoots only with combined cadmium and UV-B.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Cd and UV-B radiatione0
- Outcome
- Cu, and Ke0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant increases in Mg, Ca, P, Cu, and K occurred only in plants exposed to Cd and UV-B radiation”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined cadmium and UV-B decreased manganese.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Cd and UV-B radiatione1
- Outcome
- Manganesee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese decreased significantly under the combined exposure treatment”
t0“Brassica napus”
e1“Cd and UV-B radiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced root dry weight and leaf area.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Cadmium exposuree0
- Outcome
- root dry weight, leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium exposure significantly decreased root dry weight, leaf area, total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, and the photochemical quantum yield of photosynthesis”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid content.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Cadmium exposuree0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll content, carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium exposure significantly decreased root dry weight, leaf area, total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, and the photochemical quantum yield of photosynthesis”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced photochemical quantum yield.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Cadmium exposuree0
- Outcome
- photochemical quantum yield of photosynthesise0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium exposure significantly decreased root dry weight, leaf area, total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, and the photochemical quantum yield of photosynthesis”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonphotochemical quenching rose with increasing Cd.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- increasing Cde0
- Outcome
- qNPQe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The qNPQ increased with increasing Cd”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined cadmium and UV-B reduced qNPQ versus either exposure alone.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- combination of cadmium and UV-Be0
- Outcome
- qNPQe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- plants exposed only to cadmium or UV-B radiatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of cadmium and UV-B reduced the qNPQ compared to that in plants exposed only to cadmium or UV-B radiation”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B reduced the chlorophyll a:b ratio at no or low Cd concentrations.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- UV-Be0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a : b ratioe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- no or low Cd concentrations (0 μM, 0.5 μM CdCl2)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chlorophyll a : b ratio showed a reduction with UV-B at no or low Cd concentrations (0 μM, 0.5 μM CdCl2)”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B did not reduce the chlorophyll a:b ratio at higher Cd concentrations.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- UV-Be1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a : b ratioe1
- Qualifier
- higher Cd concentrations used (2 μM, 5 μM CdCl2)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not at the higher Cd concentrations used (2 μM, 5 μM CdCl2)”
e1“The chlorophyll a : b ratio showed a reduction with UV-B”
t0“Brassica napus”
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