Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum, Neem cake, and poultry manure on the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Botany, University of Calabar, between April 2022 and August, 2022. Methodology: Soil samples were collected at the depth of 0-15cm using auger, heat sterilized and spread out in a shade for 7days to cool before use for planting okra seed. Galled roots of okra plants were blended and emptied into 1000ml beaker. This was the inoculum used for plant inoculation. Pure culture of T. harzianum inoculated into a steril petri dishes and allowed to sporulate. Neem cake and poultry manure were applied at the rate of 10g and 20g per planting pot. Holes were excavated around the base of the okra plant and 1g of T. harzianum spores was used for inoculation. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, petiole length, and percentage leaf abscission. Results: Number of leaves on pot treated with M. incognita, T. harzianum and 20 g of neem cake was significantly (p≤ 0.05) different from all other pots. Data obtained indicates that after 3 weeks of planting all the treatment combinations had significant (p≤0.05) impact on the crops grown in pots treated with 10 g of neem cake which was not significantly (p>0.05) different. Data obtained on plant height in pots with the treatment combinations (M1T1N0, M1T0N1, M1T0N2, M0T0N2, M0T0N0, M0T0P1 and M0T0P0) were significantly (p≤ 0.05) different. Results on petiole length grown in pots with treatment combinations (M1T1N2, M0T1N1 and M0T0P1) were not significantly (p> 0.05) different from the control. Results shows that the highest percentage of abscised leaves was observed on plant treated with T. harzianum and Neem cake with 66.4%. Results from other treatments were as follows, M0T0N1 (62.3%), M1T1N0 (58.6%), M0T0N2 (56.3%), M1T0N1 (52.9%) and M1T1N2 (51.2%). Result obtained on soil amendment with poultry manure revealed that pots treated with 20t/ha of poultry manure had impact on plant height which was significant (p≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the data obtained on the growth parameters, it can be concluded that T. harzianum and neem cake significantly increased the growth of okra infested with M. incognita and the impact was significantly shown on the plant height and petiole length. Number of leaves were significantly different at 3 and 5 weeks after planting. T. harzianum has be proven to be of economic value in agriculture both as biocontrol agent and soil nutrient booster.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harzianum and neem cake significantly increased the growth of okra infested with M. incognita.
- Taxon
- okra
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Abelmoschus esculentuse1 - Treatment
- T. harzianum and neem cakee1
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae1pathogen - Second interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“T. harzianum and neem cake significantly increased the growth of okra infested with M. incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of leaves was significantly different in okra pots treated with M. incognita, T. harzianum and 20 g of neem cake from all other pots.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- 20 g of neem cakee2
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pathogen
- Outcome
- Number of leavese2
- Direction
- differente2
- Comparator
- all other potse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita”
e2“Number of leaves on pot treated with M. incognita, T. harzianum and 20 g of neem cake was significantly (p≤ 0.05) different from all other pots”
Claim · model-written summary
After three weeks, all treatment combinations had a significant impact on the crops in the pots.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- all the treatment combinationse3
- Outcome
- impact on the cropse3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita”
e3“Data obtained indicates that after 3 weeks of planting all the treatment combinations had significant (p≤0.05) impact on the crops grown in pots treated with 10 g of neem cake which was not significantly (p>0.05) different”
Claim · model-written summary
Pots treated with 10 g of neem cake were not significantly different in crop growth.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- 10 g of neem cakee3
- Outcome
- crops grown in potse3
- Direction
- differente3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita”
e3“Data obtained indicates that after 3 weeks of planting all the treatment combinations had significant (p≤0.05) impact on the crops grown in pots treated with 10 g of neem cake which was not significantly (p>0.05) different”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height differed significantly among the okra pots with the listed treatment combinations.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- treatment combinationse4
- Outcome
- plant heighte4
- Direction
- differente4
- Qualifier
- M1T1N0, M1T0N1, M1T0N2, M0T0N2, M0T0N0, M0T0P1 and M0T0P0e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita”
e4“Data obtained on plant height in pots with the treatment combinations (M1T1N0, M1T0N1, M1T0N2, M0T0N2, M0T0N0, M0T0P1 and M0T0P0) were significantly (p≤ 0.05) different”
Claim · model-written summary
Petiole length in the listed treatment combinations was not significantly different from the control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- M1T1N2, M0T1N1 and M0T0P1e5
- Outcome
- petiole lengthe5
- Direction
- not significantlye5
- Comparator
- controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita”
e5“Results on petiole length grown in pots with treatment combinations (M1T1N2, M0T1N1 and M0T0P1) were not significantly (p> 0.05) different from the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest percentage of abscised leaves was observed on okra treated with T. harzianum and neem cake, at 66.4%.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum and Neem cakee6
- Outcome
- percentage of abscised leavese6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 66.4%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita”
e6“the highest percentage of abscised leaves was observed on plant treated with T. harzianum and Neem cake with 66.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra treated with M0T0N1 had 62.3% abscised leaves.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- M0T0N1e7
- Outcome
- percentage of abscised leavese6
- Value
- 62.3%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita”
e6“the highest percentage of abscised leaves was observed on plant treated with T. harzianum and Neem cake with 66.4%”
e7“M0T0N1 (62.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra treated with M1T1N0 had 58.6% abscised leaves.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- M1T1N0e7
- Outcome
- percentage of abscised leavese6
- Value
- 58.6%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita”
e6“the highest percentage of abscised leaves was observed on plant treated with T. harzianum and Neem cake with 66.4%”
e7“M1T1N0 (58.6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra treated with M0T0N2 had 56.3% abscised leaves.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- M0T0N2e7
- Outcome
- percentage of abscised leavese6
- Value
- 56.3%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita”
e6“the highest percentage of abscised leaves was observed on plant treated with T. harzianum and Neem cake with 66.4%”
e7“M0T0N2 (56.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra treated with M1T0N1 had 52.9% abscised leaves.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- M1T0N1e7
- Outcome
- percentage of abscised leavese6
- Value
- 52.9%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita”
e6“the highest percentage of abscised leaves was observed on plant treated with T. harzianum and Neem cake with 66.4%”
e7“M1T0N1 (52.9%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra treated with M1T1N2 had 51.2% abscised leaves.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- M1T1N2e7
- Outcome
- percentage of abscised leavese6
- Value
- 51.2%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita”
e6“the highest percentage of abscised leaves was observed on plant treated with T. harzianum and Neem cake with 66.4%”
e7“M1T1N2 (51.2%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure at 20 t/ha had a significant impact on okra plant height.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- 20t/ha of poultry manuree7
- Outcome
- plant heighte7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita”
e7“pots treated with 20t/ha of poultry manure had impact on plant height which was significant (p≤ 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of leaves of okra differed significantly at 3 and 5 weeks after planting.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Outcome
- Number of leavese7
- Qualifier
- at 3 and 5 weeks after plantinge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita”
e7“Number of leaves were significantly different at 3 and 5 weeks after planting”
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See all 26 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.