Abstract
The effect of antagonistic fungus, Pochonia chlamydosporia, a parasite of nematode eggs, neem cake and carbofuran alone and in combinations were evaluated in micro plots infested with Meloidogyne incognita on okra under net house condition. Plant growth parameters, fruit yield, root galling, egg production and final nematode population densities were determined after 90 days of germination. Heavy galling in the nematode alone treatment was observed resulted in highest root weight as compared to treated ones and healthy. All the treatments receiving any of the management components showed enhancement in plant growth and suppression of nematode multiplication. The effect of P. chlamydosporia (BCA) was recorded better than neem cake and at par with tested nematicide. The combined application of BCA with neem cake and/or carbofuran at reduced doses gave better recovery in comparison to either of the single application in terms of shoot length, shoot weight, root length and fruit yield and significantly (P<0.05) suppressed M. incognita in terms of galling, egg production, and soil population. The trio combination of P. chlamydosporia, carbofuran and neem cake yielded significantly not only higher fresh fruit weight with a recovery of 53% but also recovered shoot weight up to 64% over control and suppressed root-knot disease severity in terms of galling, egg production and nematode population (89%, 90% and 81% respectively) with a marginal difference with dual application BCA and carbofuran.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated nematode infestation caused heavy galling and the highest root weight.
- Taxon
- okra
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Abelmoschus esculentuse1 - Treatment
- nematode alone treatmente0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae1pathogen - Outcome
- Heavy gallinge0
- Comparator
- treated ones and healthye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Heavy galling in the nematode alone treatment was observed resulted in highest root weight as compared to treated ones and healthy”
e1“Meloidogyne incognita on okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Any management component enhanced okra growth.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- any of the management componentse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pathogen
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the treatments receiving any of the management components showed enhancement in plant growth”
e1“Meloidogyne incognita on okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Any management component suppressed nematode multiplication.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- any of the management componentse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pathogen
- Outcome
- nematode multiplicatione0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the treatments receiving any of the management components showed enhancement in plant growth and suppression of nematode multiplication”
e1“Meloidogyne incognita on okra”
Claim · model-written summary
P. chlamydosporia performed better than neem cake and similarly to carbofuran.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- P. chlamydosporia (BCA)e0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. chlamydosporiaPochonia chlamydosporiae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- effect of P. chlamydosporia (BCA)e0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- neem cakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of P. chlamydosporia (BCA) was recorded better than neem cake and at par with tested nematicide”
e1“Meloidogyne incognita on okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined BCA with neem cake or carbofuran improved shoot and root dimensions and fruit yield over single applications.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- combined application of BCA with neem cake and/or carbofuran at reduced dosese0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pochonia chlamydosporiaPochonia chlamydosporiae2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- shoot length, shoot weight, root length and fruit yielde0
- Direction
- better recoverye0
- Comparator
- either of the single applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of BCA with neem cake and/or carbofuran at reduced doses gave better recovery in comparison to either of the single application in terms of shoot length, shoot weight, root length and fruit yield”
e1“Meloidogyne incognita on okra”
e2“Pochonia chlamydosporia”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatments significantly suppressed nematode galling, egg production and soil population.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse2
- Treatment
- combined application of BCA with neem cake and/or carbofuran at reduced dosese1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- M. incognita in terms of galling, egg production, and soil populatione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly (P<0.05) suppressed M. incognita in terms of galling, egg production, and soil population”
e1“combined application of BCA with neem cake and/or carbofuran at reduced doses”
e2“Meloidogyne incognita on okra”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-component treatment increased fresh fruit weight by 53% over control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse2
- Treatment
- trio combination of P. chlamydosporia, carbofuran and neem cakee0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. chlamydosporiaPochonia chlamydosporiae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fresh fruit weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 53%e0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The trio combination of P. chlamydosporia, carbofuran and neem cake yielded significantly not only higher fresh fruit weight with a recovery of 53%”
e1“over control”
e2“Meloidogyne incognita on okra”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-component treatment increased shoot weight by 64% over control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse2
- Treatment
- trio combination of P. chlamydosporia, carbofuran and neem cakee1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. chlamydosporiaPochonia chlamydosporiae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- shoot weighte0
- Direction
- recoverede0
- Value
- 64%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“recovered shoot weight up to 64% over control”
e1“trio combination of P. chlamydosporia, carbofuran and neem cake”
e2“Meloidogyne incognita on okra”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-component treatment suppressed galling by 89%.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse2
- Treatment
- trio combination of P. chlamydosporia, carbofuran and neem cakee1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pathogen
- Outcome
- gallinge0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 89%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suppressed root-knot disease severity in terms of galling, egg production and nematode population (89%, 90% and 81% respectively)”
e1“trio combination of P. chlamydosporia, carbofuran and neem cake”
e2“Meloidogyne incognita on okra”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-component treatment suppressed egg production by 90%.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse2
- Treatment
- trio combination of P. chlamydosporia, carbofuran and neem cakee1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pathogen
- Outcome
- egg productione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suppressed root-knot disease severity in terms of galling, egg production and nematode population (89%, 90% and 81% respectively)”
e1“trio combination of P. chlamydosporia, carbofuran and neem cake”
e2“Meloidogyne incognita on okra”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-component treatment suppressed nematode population by 81%.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse2
- Treatment
- trio combination of P. chlamydosporia, carbofuran and neem cakee1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pathogen
- Outcome
- nematode populatione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 81%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suppressed root-knot disease severity in terms of galling, egg production and nematode population (89%, 90% and 81% respectively)”
e1“trio combination of P. chlamydosporia, carbofuran and neem cake”
e2“Meloidogyne incognita on okra”
The same questions in other papers
carbofuran · Meloidogyne incognita · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
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See all 14 papers →Pochonia chlamydosporia · Meloidogyne incognita · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →botanical · Meloidogyne incognita · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
25 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 26 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.