Abstract
Abstract A field experiment was conducted in an experimental field affiliated with the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, during the fall season of 2022 to investigate the effect of bio-fertilizer and agricultural sulfur levels on the availability of nutrients and broccoli’s productivity. Split plot order in the randomized complete block design (RCBD) of three replicates was used comprising three levels of sulfur (0, 500, and 1000kg.ha -1 ) symbolized by S 0 , S 1 , and S 2 forming the main plots, added to the soil before planting by two months, while the subplots were the bio-fertilizers represented by B 0 and B 1 . Results showed the superiority of the third level of agricultural sulfur, giving the highest traits involving the sulfur concentration in the soil after 30, 60, and 90 days from planting, reaching 45.4, 50.9, and 58.0 mg S.kg soil -1 , nitrogen concentration after 45 and 90 day from planting that was 41.50 and 26.52 mg N. kg soil -1 , phosphorous concentration after 45 days from planting that was 29.21 mg P. kg soil -1 , and potassium concentration 45 and 90 days after planting that was 255.2 and 235.3 mg K. kg soil -1 . The bio-fertilization was also superior in increasing elements in the soil, including sulfur concentration after 30, 60, and 90 days after planting was 44.7, 44.9, and 51.2 mg S. kg soil -1 , nitrogen concentration 45 and 90 days after planting was 35.3 and 22.53 mg N. kg soil -1 , phosphorous concentration 45 and 90 days after planting was 24.15 and 15.55 mg P. Kg soil -1 , and potassium concentration 45 and 90 days after planting was 227.6 and 207.3 mg K. kg soil -1 as well as in the total yield in a value of 43.6 t.ha -1 . For the binary interaction, the treatment of bio-fertilization with the third level of agriculture sulfur was superior, giving the highest values of element concentrations in the soil, including sulfur 30, 60, and 90 days after planting was 47.4, 55.5, and 66.1 mg S. kg soil -1 , nitrogen concentration 45 and 90 days after planting was 43.6 and 27.9mg N.kg soil -1 , phosphorous concentration after 45 days from planting that was 30.12 mg P.kg soil -1 , and potassium concentration 45 and 90 days after planting was 271.9 and 246.4 mg K. kg soil -1 in addition to the total yield that was 45.7t.ha -1 .
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
The highest sulfur level (1000 kg/ha) gave the highest soil sulfur concentration at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting: 45.4, 50.9 and 58.0 mg S/kg.
- Taxon
- Broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Treatment
- third level of agricultural sulfure0
- Outcome
- sulfur concentration in the soile1
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 45.4, 50.9, and 58.0 mg S.kg soil -1e1
- Qualifier
- after 30, 60, and 90 days from plantinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the superiority of the third level of agricultural sulfur, giving the highest traits”
e1“sulfur concentration in the soil after 30, 60, and 90 days from planting, reaching 45.4, 50.9, and 58.0 mg S.kg soil -1”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest sulfur level gave the highest soil nitrogen concentration at 45 and 90 days after planting: 41.50 and 26.52 mg N/kg.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- third level of agricultural sulfure0
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentratione1
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 41.50 and 26.52 mg N. kg soil -1e1
- Qualifier
- after 45 and 90 day from plantinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the superiority of the third level of agricultural sulfur, giving the highest traits”
e1“nitrogen concentration after 45 and 90 day from planting that was 41.50 and 26.52 mg N. kg soil -1”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest sulfur level gave the highest soil phosphorus concentration at 45 days after planting, 29.21 mg P/kg.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- third level of agricultural sulfure0
- Outcome
- phosphorous concentratione1
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 29.21 mg P. kg soil -1e1
- Qualifier
- after 45 days from plantinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the superiority of the third level of agricultural sulfur, giving the highest traits”
e1“phosphorous concentration after 45 days from planting that was 29.21 mg P. kg soil -1”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest sulfur level gave the highest soil potassium concentration at 45 and 90 days after planting: 255.2 and 235.3 mg K/kg.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- third level of agricultural sulfure0
- Outcome
- potassium concentratione1
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 255.2 and 235.3 mg K. kg soil -1e1
- Qualifier
- 45 and 90 days after plantinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the superiority of the third level of agricultural sulfur, giving the highest traits”
e1“potassium concentration 45 and 90 days after planting that was 255.2 and 235.3 mg K. kg soil -1”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilization increased soil sulfur concentration at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting: 44.7, 44.9 and 51.2 mg S/kg.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- sulfur concentratione1
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 44.7, 44.9, and 51.2 mg S. kg soil -1e1
- Qualifier
- after 30, 60, and 90 days after plantinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bio-fertilization was also superior in increasing elements in the soil”
e1“sulfur concentration after 30, 60, and 90 days after planting was 44.7, 44.9, and 51.2 mg S. kg soil -1”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilization increased soil nitrogen concentration at 45 and 90 days after planting: 35.3 and 22.53 mg N/kg.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentratione1
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 35.3 and 22.53 mg N. kg soil -1e1
- Qualifier
- 45 and 90 days after plantinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bio-fertilization was also superior in increasing elements in the soil”
e1“nitrogen concentration 45 and 90 days after planting was 35.3 and 22.53 mg N. kg soil -1”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilization increased soil phosphorus concentration at 45 and 90 days after planting: 24.15 and 15.55 mg P/kg.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- phosphorous concentratione1
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 24.15 and 15.55 mg P. Kg soil -1e1
- Qualifier
- 45 and 90 days after plantinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bio-fertilization was also superior in increasing elements in the soil”
e1“phosphorous concentration 45 and 90 days after planting was 24.15 and 15.55 mg P. Kg soil -1”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilization increased soil potassium concentration at 45 and 90 days after planting: 227.6 and 207.3 mg K/kg.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- potassium concentratione1
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 227.6 and 207.3 mg K. kg soil -1e1
- Qualifier
- 45 and 90 days after plantinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bio-fertilization was also superior in increasing elements in the soil”
e1“potassium concentration 45 and 90 days after planting was 227.6 and 207.3 mg K. kg soil -1”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilization increased broccoli total yield to 43.6 t/ha.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- total yielde1
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 43.6 t.ha -1e1
- Qualifier
- in a value ofe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bio-fertilization was also superior in increasing elements in the soil”
e1“the total yield in a value of 43.6 t.ha -1”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilization combined with the highest sulfur level gave the highest soil sulfur concentration at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting: 47.4, 55.5 and 66.1 mg S/kg.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- bio-fertilization with the third level of agriculture sulfure0
- Outcome
- sulfure1
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 47.4, 55.5, and 66.1 mg S. kg soil -1e1
- Qualifier
- 30, 60, and 90 days after plantinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment of bio-fertilization with the third level of agriculture sulfur was superior, giving the highest values of element concentrations in the soil”
e1“sulfur 30, 60, and 90 days after planting was 47.4, 55.5, and 66.1 mg S. kg soil -1”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilization combined with the highest sulfur level gave the highest soil nitrogen concentration at 45 and 90 days after planting: 43.6 and 27.9 mg N/kg.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- bio-fertilization with the third level of agriculture sulfure0
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentratione1
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 43.6 and 27.9mg N.kg soil -1e1
- Qualifier
- 45 and 90 days after plantinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment of bio-fertilization with the third level of agriculture sulfur was superior, giving the highest values of element concentrations in the soil”
e1“nitrogen concentration 45 and 90 days after planting was 43.6 and 27.9mg N.kg soil -1”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilization combined with the highest sulfur level gave the highest soil phosphorus concentration at 45 days after planting, 30.12 mg P/kg.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- bio-fertilization with the third level of agriculture sulfure0
- Outcome
- phosphorous concentratione1
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 30.12 mg P.kg soil -1e1
- Qualifier
- after 45 days from plantinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment of bio-fertilization with the third level of agriculture sulfur was superior, giving the highest values of element concentrations in the soil”
e1“phosphorous concentration after 45 days from planting that was 30.12 mg P.kg soil -1”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilization combined with the highest sulfur level gave the highest soil potassium concentration at 45 and 90 days after planting: 271.9 and 246.4 mg K/kg.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- bio-fertilization with the third level of agriculture sulfure0
- Outcome
- potassium concentratione1
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 271.9 and 246.4 mg K. kg soil -1e1
- Qualifier
- 45 and 90 days after plantinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment of bio-fertilization with the third level of agriculture sulfur was superior, giving the highest values of element concentrations in the soil”
e1“potassium concentration 45 and 90 days after planting was 271.9 and 246.4 mg K. kg soil -1”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilization combined with the highest sulfur level gave the highest total broccoli yield, 45.7 t/ha.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- bio-fertilization with the third level of agriculture sulfure0
- Outcome
- total yielde1
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 45.7t.ha -1e1
- Qualifier
- that wase1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment of bio-fertilization with the third level of agriculture sulfur was superior, giving the highest values of element concentrations in the soil”
e1“the total yield that was 45.7t.ha -1”
t0“Broccoli”
The same questions in other papers
sulfur atom · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results differ
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →sulfur atom · nutrient: content · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →sulfur atom · molecular: metabolites · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →inoculation · molecular: metabolites · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →inoculation · nutrient: content · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →inoculation · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
61 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
62 papers more in this group
See all 66 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.