Abstract
Although Bangladesh is known to be burdened with elevated tropospheric ozone levels, little is known about its effects on food security. We conducted field experiments in four highly polluted rice growing environments of Bangladesh in three cropping seasons (2020-2022), in which we grew 20 different rice varieties with or without application of the ozone protectant ethylene diurea (EDU). The average daytime ozone concentrations at the study sites during the rice growing seasons ranged from 53 ppb to 84 ppb, with the lowest concentrations occurring in the year 2020. EDU increased rice grain yields significantly by an average of 10.4 % across all seasons and locations, indicating that plants were stressed under ambient ozone concentrations. EDU was effective in distinguishing ozone-tolerant from ozone-sensitive varieties, in which yield increased by up to 21 %. Likewise, the EDU treatment positively affected vegetation indices representing chlorophyll (NDVI), the chorophyll:carotenoid ratio (Lic2), and pigments of the xanthophyll cycle (PRI). Stomatal conductance was increased significantly by an average of around 10 % among all varieties when plants were treated with EDU. In all physiological traits, significant genotype by treatment interactions occurred, indicating that different varieties varied in their responses to ozone stress. Our study demonstrates that rice production in Bangladesh is severely affected by tropospheric ozone, and calls for the breeding of tolerant rice varieties as well as mitigation measures to reduce air pollution.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
EDU increased rice grain yield by an average of 10.4% across all seasons and locations, relative to plots without EDU application.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- EDUe2
- Outcome
- grain yieldse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 10.4 %e2
- Qualifier
- across all seasons and locationse2
- Comparator
- without applicatione1
- Setting
- four highly polluted rice growing environments of Bangladeshe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“EDU increased rice grain yields significantly by an average of 10.4 % across all seasons and locations”
e1“We conducted field experiments in four highly polluted rice growing environments of Bangladesh in three cropping seasons (2020-2022), in which we grew 20 different rice varieties with or without application of the ozone protectant ethylene diurea (EDU)”
Claim · model-written summary
EDU distinguished ozone-tolerant from ozone-sensitive rice varieties, with yield increased by up to 21%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- ozone-tolerante3
- Treatment
- EDUe3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 21 %e3
- Comparator
- ozone-sensitive varietiese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“EDU was effective in distinguishing ozone-tolerant from ozone-sensitive varieties, in which yield increased by up to 21 %”
e1“We conducted field experiments in four highly polluted rice growing environments of Bangladesh in three cropping seasons (2020-2022), in which we grew 20 different rice varieties with or without application of the ozone protectant ethylene diurea (EDU)”
Claim · model-written summary
EDU increased stomatal conductance significantly by around 10% among all rice varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- EDUe4
- Outcome
- Stomatal conductancee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- around 10 %e4
- Qualifier
- among all varietiese4
- Comparator
- without applicatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Stomatal conductance was increased significantly by an average of around 10 % among all varieties when plants were treated with EDU”
e1“We conducted field experiments in four highly polluted rice growing environments of Bangladesh in three cropping seasons (2020-2022), in which we grew 20 different rice varieties with or without application of the ozone protectant ethylene diurea (EDU)”
Claim · model-written summary
EDU positively affected vegetation indices for chlorophyll (NDVI), the chlorophyll:carotenoid ratio (Lic2) and xanthophyll cycle pigments (PRI) in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- EDU treatmente5
- Outcome
- vegetation indices representing chlorophyll (NDVI), the chorophyll:carotenoid ratio (Lic2), and pigments of the xanthophyll cycle (PRI)e5
- Direction
- positively affectede5
- Comparator
- without applicatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The EDU treatment positively affected vegetation indices representing chlorophyll (NDVI), the chorophyll:carotenoid ratio (Lic2), and pigments of the xanthophyll cycle (PRI)”
e1“We conducted field experiments in four highly polluted rice growing environments of Bangladesh in three cropping seasons (2020-2022), in which we grew 20 different rice varieties with or without application of the ozone protectant ethylene diurea (EDU)”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype by treatment interactions were significant for all physiological traits, so the rice varieties differed in their responses to ozone stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- different varietiese6
- Outcome
- physiological traitse6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“In all physiological traits, significant genotype by treatment interactions occurred, indicating that different varieties varied in their responses to ozone stress”
e1“We conducted field experiments in four highly polluted rice growing environments of Bangladesh in three cropping seasons (2020-2022), in which we grew 20 different rice varieties with or without application of the ozone protectant ethylene diurea (EDU)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice production in Bangladesh is severely affected by tropospheric ozone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae7
- Outcome
- rice productione7
- Qualifier
- severely affected by tropospheric ozonee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Our study demonstrates that rice production in Bangladesh is severely affected by tropospheric ozone”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors call for breeding of tolerant rice varieties and for mitigation measures to reduce air pollution.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- breeding of tolerant rice varietiese0
- Qualifier
- mitigation measures to reduce air pollutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“calls for the breeding of tolerant rice varieties as well as mitigation measures to reduce air pollution”
The same questions in other papers
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1 in the opposite direction
- negative
ethene · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
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- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →ethene · physiology: pigments · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.