Abstract
Climate change projections for the 21st century pose great threats to semi-arid regions, impacting seed production and the quality of sunflowers. Crop yields are negatively affected by climate variability, especially in the event of droughts during the crucial growth stages. Understanding the relationships between agrometeorological, genetic, and agronomic factors is crucial for maintaining crop sustainability. Optimal sowing dates are an essential condition for maximizing crop genetic potential, but challenges come from annual weather variations. This study analyzes how sunflower genotypes respond to different sowing dates under climate change and focuses on the conditions for obtaining maximum seed yields and favorable agronomic traits. From 2020 to 2022, the experiment featured six genotypes sown across four different dates at two-week intervals, simulating seed sunflower production. The results obtained by ANOVA indicated that the seed yield and oil yield were significantly affected by the sowing date, the genotype, and their interaction, with coefficients of variation ranging from 7.6% for oil yield to 41.1% for seed yield. Besides seed yield and oil yield, LDA biplot and Discriminant Functions confirmed that seed germination energy also played a significant role in separating genotypes into clusters. A Visual Mixed Model showed that shifting the optimal sowing date (mid-April) to early May allows a reduction in the number of days the plants spend in critical growth stages, thereby escaping stressful conditions during pollination and seed filling. The findings resulted, on average, in increased yields and improved seed quality, which are the primary goals of seed production, but not in increased 1000-seed weight. Notably, high temperatures during the critical sunflower growth stages negatively affected the measured parameters of seed production. The increased precipitation during seed filling boosted the 1000-seed mass and seed yield. Extended flowering reduced the growth rate and seed germination, but longer seed filling increased the 1000-seed mass and seed yield. Our future breeding goals will be to create genotypes with a shorter flowering period and an extended seed-filling period to better respond to climate change.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield and oil yield of sunflower were significantly affected by sowing date, genotype and their interaction.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse1 - Treatment
- sowing date, the genotype, and their interactione0
- Outcome
- seed yield and oil yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seed yield and oil yield were significantly affected by the sowing date, the genotype, and their interaction”
e1“sunflower genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The coefficient of variation for oil yield was 7.6%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Outcome
- coefficients of variatione0
- Value
- 7.6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“coefficients of variation ranging from 7.6% for oil yield to 41.1% for seed yield”
e1“sunflower genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The coefficient of variation for seed yield was 41.1%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Outcome
- coefficients of variatione0
- Value
- 41.1%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“coefficients of variation ranging from 7.6% for oil yield to 41.1% for seed yield”
e1“sunflower genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
LDA biplot and discriminant functions showed seed germination energy played a significant role in separating sunflower genotypes into clusters.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Outcome
- seed germination energy also played a significant role in separating genotypes into clusterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed germination energy also played a significant role in separating genotypes into clusters”
e1“sunflower genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Shifting the sowing date from mid-April to early May reduced the number of days plants spend in critical growth stages, escaping stress during pollination and seed filling.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- shifting the optimal sowing date (mid-April) to early Maye0
- Outcome
- number of days the plants spend in critical growth stagese0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- mid-Aprile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shifting the optimal sowing date (mid-April) to early May allows a reduction in the number of days the plants spend in critical growth stages”
e1“sunflower genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
On average the findings showed increased yields and improved seed quality.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Outcome
- yields and improved seed qualitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in increased yields and improved seed quality”
e1“sunflower genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
1000-seed weight was not increased.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Outcome
- 1000-seed weighte0
- Direction
- not in increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not in increased 1000-seed weight”
e1“sunflower genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperatures during the critical sunflower growth stages negatively affected the measured seed production parameters.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- high temperatures during the critical sunflower growth stagese0
- Outcome
- measured parameters of seed productione0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high temperatures during the critical sunflower growth stages negatively affected the measured parameters of seed production”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased precipitation during seed filling boosted 1000-seed mass and seed yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- increased precipitation during seed fillinge0
- Outcome
- 1000-seed mass and seed yielde0
- Direction
- boostede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased precipitation during seed filling boosted the 1000-seed mass and seed yield”
e1“sunflower genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Extended flowering reduced growth rate and seed germination.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- Extended floweringe0
- Outcome
- growth rate and seed germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extended flowering reduced the growth rate and seed germination”
e1“sunflower genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer seed filling increased 1000-seed mass and seed yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- longer seed fillinge0
- Outcome
- 1000-seed mass and seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“longer seed filling increased the 1000-seed mass and seed yield”
e1“sunflower genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Future breeding should aim for genotypes with a shorter flowering period and an extended seed-filling period.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Outcome
- genotypes with a shorter flowering period and an extended seed-filling periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our future breeding goals will be to create genotypes with a shorter flowering period and an extended seed-filling period”
e1“sunflower genotypes”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.