Abstract
BACKGROUND: The intensified global warming during grain filling deteriorated rice quality, in particular increasing the frequency of chalky grains which markedly impact market value. The formation of rice quality is a complex process influenced by multiple genes, proteins and physiological metabolic processes. Proteins responsive to stimulus can adjust the ability of plants to respond to unfavorable environments, which may be an important protein involved in the regulation of quality formation under elevated temperature. However, relatively few studies have hindered our further understanding of rice quality formation under elevated temperature. RESULTS: We conducted the actual field elevated temperature experiment and performed proteomic analysis of rice grains at the early stage of grain filling. Starting with the response to stimulus in GO annotation, 22 key proteins responsive to stimulus were identified in the regulation of grain filling and response to elevated temperature. Among the proteins responsive to stimulus, during grain filling, an increased abundance of signal transduction and other stress response proteins, a decreased abundance of reactive oxygen species-related proteins, and an increased accumulation of storage substance metabolism proteins consistently contributed to grain filling. However, the abundance of probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.4, probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.8 and CBL-interacting protein kinase 9 belonged to signal transduction were inhibited under elevated temperature. In the reactive oxygen species-related protein, elevated temperature increased the accumulation of cationic peroxidase SPC4 and persulfide dioxygenase ETHE1 homolog to maintain normal physiological homeostasis. The increased abundance of alpha-amylase isozyme 3E and seed allergy protein RA5 was related to the storage substance metabolism, which regulated starch and protein accumulation under elevated temperature. CONCLUSION: Auxin synthesis and calcium signal associated with signal transduction, other stress responses, protein transport and modification, and reactive oxygen species-related proteins may be key proteins responsive to stimulus in response to elevated temperature. Alpha-amylase isozyme 3E and seed allergy protein RA5 may be the key proteins to regulate grain storage substance accumulation and further influence quality under elevated temperature. This study enriched the regulatory factors involved in the response to elevated temperature and provided a new idea for a better understanding of grain response to temperature.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-two key proteins responsive to stimulus were identified in regulating grain filling and response to elevated temperature.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Treatment
- elevated temperaturee1
- Outcome
- key proteins responsive to stimuluse1
- Value
- 22e1
- Setting
- actual field elevated temperature experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We conducted the actual field elevated temperature experiment and performed proteomic analysis of rice grains at the early stage of grain filling”
e1“22 key proteins responsive to stimulus were identified in the regulation of grain filling and response to elevated temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
During grain filling, signal transduction and other stress response proteins increased in abundance and contributed to grain filling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- abundance of signal transduction and other stress response proteinse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- actual field elevated temperature experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We conducted the actual field elevated temperature experiment and performed proteomic analysis of rice grains at the early stage of grain filling”
e1“an increased abundance of signal transduction and other stress response proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
During grain filling, reactive oxygen species-related proteins decreased in abundance and contributed to grain filling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- abundance of reactive oxygen species-related proteinse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Setting
- actual field elevated temperature experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We conducted the actual field elevated temperature experiment and performed proteomic analysis of rice grains at the early stage of grain filling”
e1“a decreased abundance of reactive oxygen species-related proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
During grain filling, storage substance metabolism proteins increased in accumulation and contributed to grain filling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- accumulation of storage substance metabolism proteinse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- actual field elevated temperature experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We conducted the actual field elevated temperature experiment and performed proteomic analysis of rice grains at the early stage of grain filling”
e1“an increased accumulation of storage substance metabolism proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
Under elevated temperature, abundance of GH3.4, GH3.8 and CBL-interacting protein kinase 9 was inhibited.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- elevated temperaturee1
- Gene
- probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.4, probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.8 and CBL-interacting protein kinase 9e1
- Outcome
- abundancee1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Setting
- actual field elevated temperature experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We conducted the actual field elevated temperature experiment and performed proteomic analysis of rice grains at the early stage of grain filling”
e1“However, the abundance of probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.4, probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.8 and CBL-interacting protein kinase 9 belonged to signal transduction were inhibited under elevated temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Under elevated temperature, cationic peroxidase SPC4 and persulfide dioxygenase ETHE1 homolog accumulation increased to maintain physiological homeostasis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- elevated temperaturee1
- Gene
- cationic peroxidase SPC4 and persulfide dioxygenase ETHE1 homologe1
- Outcome
- accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- to maintain normal physiological homeostasise1
- Setting
- actual field elevated temperature experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We conducted the actual field elevated temperature experiment and performed proteomic analysis of rice grains at the early stage of grain filling”
e1“In the reactive oxygen species-related protein, elevated temperature increased the accumulation of cationic peroxidase SPC4 and persulfide dioxygenase ETHE1 homolog to maintain normal physiological homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
Under elevated temperature, alpha-amylase isozyme 3E and seed allergy protein RA5 abundance increased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- elevated temperaturee1
- Gene
- alpha-amylase isozyme 3E and seed allergy protein RA5e1
- Outcome
- abundance of alpha-amylase isozyme 3E and seed allergy protein RA5e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- actual field elevated temperature experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We conducted the actual field elevated temperature experiment and performed proteomic analysis of rice grains at the early stage of grain filling”
e1“The increased abundance of alpha-amylase isozyme 3E and seed allergy protein RA5 was related to the storage substance metabolism, which regulated starch and protein accumulation under elevated temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha-amylase isozyme 3E and seed allergy protein RA5 are asserted to regulate starch and protein accumulation under elevated temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- alpha-amylase isozyme 3E and seed allergy protein RA5e1
- Outcome
- starch and protein accumulatione1
- Qualifier
- storage substance metabolisme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We conducted the actual field elevated temperature experiment and performed proteomic analysis of rice grains at the early stage of grain filling”
e1“The increased abundance of alpha-amylase isozyme 3E and seed allergy protein RA5 was related to the storage substance metabolism, which regulated starch and protein accumulation under elevated temperature”
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