Abstract
AIMS: Salinity adversely affects okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] plants by inducing osmotic and oxidative stresses. This study was designed to enhance salinity-induced osmotic and oxidative stress tolerance in okra plants by applying organic amendments. METHODS: The effects of different organic amendments (municipal solid waste compost, farmyard manure (FYM) and press mud) on osmotic potential, water use efficiency, activities of antioxidant enzymes, total soluble sugar, total soluble proline, total soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of okra plants grown under saline conditions (50 mM sodium chloride) were evaluated in a pot experiment. The organic amendments were applied each at the rate of 5% and 10% per pot or in various combinations (compost + FYM, FYM + press mud and compost + press mud each at the rate of 2.5% and 5% per pot). RESULTS: As compared to control, high total soluble sugar (60.41), total soluble proline (33.88%) and MDA (51%) contents and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (83.54%), catalase (78.61%), peroxidase (53.57%] in salinity-stressed okra plants, were indicative of oxidative stress. Salinity significantly reduced the osmotic potential (41.78%) and water use efficiency (4.75%) of okra plants compared to control. Under saline conditions, 5% (farmyard manure + press mud) was the most effective treatment, which significantly improved osmotic potential (27.05%), total soluble sugar (4.20%), total soluble protein (73.62%) and total soluble proline (23.20%) contents and superoxide dismutase activity (32.41%), compared to saline soil. Application of 2.5% (FYM + press mud), 5% press mud, and 10% compost significantly reduced MDA content (27%) and improved activities of catalase (38.64%) and peroxidase (48.29%), respectively, compared to saline soil, thus facilitated to alleviate oxidative stress in okra plants. CONCLUSIONS: Using organic amendments (municipal solid waste compost, farmyard manure and press mud) was a cost-effective approach to improve salinity-induced osmotic and oxidative stress tolerance in okra plants.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-stressed okra had higher total soluble sugar (60.41) than control.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse0 - Treatment
- salinity-stressede0
- Outcome
- total soluble sugare0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 60.41e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“As compared to control, high total soluble sugar (60.41), total soluble proline (33.88%) and MDA (51%) contents and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (83.54%), catalase (78.61%), peroxidase (53.57%] in salinity-stressed okra plants, were indicative of oxidative stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-stressed okra had higher total soluble proline (33.88%) than control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- salinity-stressede0
- Outcome
- total soluble prolinee0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 33.88%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to control, high total soluble sugar (60.41), total soluble proline (33.88%) and MDA (51%) contents and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (83.54%), catalase (78.61%), peroxidase (53.57%] in salinity-stressed okra plants, were indicative of oxidative stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-stressed okra had higher MDA (51%) than control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- salinity-stressede0
- Outcome
- MDAe0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 51%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to control, high total soluble sugar (60.41), total soluble proline (33.88%) and MDA (51%) contents and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (83.54%), catalase (78.61%), peroxidase (53.57%] in salinity-stressed okra plants, were indicative of oxidative stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-stressed okra had higher superoxide dismutase (83.54%) than control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- salinity-stressede0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 83.54%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to control, high total soluble sugar (60.41), total soluble proline (33.88%) and MDA (51%) contents and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (83.54%), catalase (78.61%), peroxidase (53.57%] in salinity-stressed okra plants, were indicative of oxidative stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-stressed okra had higher catalase (78.61%) than control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- salinity-stressede0
- Outcome
- catalasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 78.61%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to control, high total soluble sugar (60.41), total soluble proline (33.88%) and MDA (51%) contents and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (83.54%), catalase (78.61%), peroxidase (53.57%] in salinity-stressed okra plants, were indicative of oxidative stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-stressed okra had higher peroxidase (53.57%) than control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- salinity-stressede0
- Outcome
- peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 53.57%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to control, high total soluble sugar (60.41), total soluble proline (33.88%) and MDA (51%) contents and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (83.54%), catalase (78.61%), peroxidase (53.57%] in salinity-stressed okra plants, were indicative of oxidative stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced okra osmotic potential by 41.78% relative to control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- osmotic potentiale0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 41.78%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity significantly reduced the osmotic potential (41.78%) and water use efficiency (4.75%) of okra plants compared to control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced okra water use efficiency by 4.75% relative to control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 4.75%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity significantly reduced the osmotic potential (41.78%) and water use efficiency (4.75%) of okra plants compared to control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline conditions, 5% farmyard manure plus press mud improved okra osmotic potential by 27.05% versus saline soil.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 5% (farmyard manure + press mud)e0
- Outcome
- osmotic potentiale0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 27.05%e0
- Qualifier
- Under saline conditionse0
- Comparator
- saline soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under saline conditions, 5% (farmyard manure + press mud) was the most effective treatment, which significantly improved osmotic potential (27.05%), total soluble sugar (4.20%), total soluble protein (73.62%) and total soluble proline (23.20%) contents and superoxide dismutase activity (32.41%), compared to saline soil.”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline conditions, 5% farmyard manure plus press mud improved okra total soluble sugar by 4.20% versus saline soil.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 5% (farmyard manure + press mud)e0
- Outcome
- total soluble sugare0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 4.20%e0
- Qualifier
- Under saline conditionse0
- Comparator
- saline soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under saline conditions, 5% (farmyard manure + press mud) was the most effective treatment, which significantly improved osmotic potential (27.05%), total soluble sugar (4.20%), total soluble protein (73.62%) and total soluble proline (23.20%) contents and superoxide dismutase activity (32.41%), compared to saline soil.”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline conditions, 5% farmyard manure plus press mud improved okra total soluble protein by 73.62% versus saline soil.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 5% (farmyard manure + press mud)e0
- Outcome
- total soluble proteine0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 73.62%e0
- Qualifier
- Under saline conditionse0
- Comparator
- saline soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under saline conditions, 5% (farmyard manure + press mud) was the most effective treatment, which significantly improved osmotic potential (27.05%), total soluble sugar (4.20%), total soluble protein (73.62%) and total soluble proline (23.20%) contents and superoxide dismutase activity (32.41%), compared to saline soil.”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline conditions, 5% farmyard manure plus press mud improved okra total soluble proline by 23.20% versus saline soil.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 5% (farmyard manure + press mud)e0
- Outcome
- total soluble prolinee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 23.20%e0
- Qualifier
- Under saline conditionse0
- Comparator
- saline soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under saline conditions, 5% (farmyard manure + press mud) was the most effective treatment, which significantly improved osmotic potential (27.05%), total soluble sugar (4.20%), total soluble protein (73.62%) and total soluble proline (23.20%) contents and superoxide dismutase activity (32.41%), compared to saline soil.”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline conditions, 5% farmyard manure plus press mud improved okra superoxide dismutase activity by 32.41% versus saline soil.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 5% (farmyard manure + press mud)e0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase activitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 32.41%e0
- Qualifier
- Under saline conditionse0
- Comparator
- saline soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under saline conditions, 5% (farmyard manure + press mud) was the most effective treatment, which significantly improved osmotic potential (27.05%), total soluble sugar (4.20%), total soluble protein (73.62%) and total soluble proline (23.20%) contents and superoxide dismutase activity (32.41%), compared to saline soil.”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
2.5% (FYM + press mud) reduced okra MDA content by 27% versus saline soil.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- 2.5% (FYM + press mud)e0
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Comparator
- saline soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 2.5% (FYM + press mud), 5% press mud, and 10% compost significantly reduced MDA content (27%) and improved activities of catalase (38.64%) and peroxidase (48.29%), respectively, compared to saline soil, thus facilitated to alleviate oxidative stress in okra plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
5% press mud improved okra catalase by 38.64% versus saline soil.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- 5% press mude0
- Outcome
- catalasee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 38.64%e0
- Comparator
- saline soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 2.5% (FYM + press mud), 5% press mud, and 10% compost significantly reduced MDA content (27%) and improved activities of catalase (38.64%) and peroxidase (48.29%), respectively, compared to saline soil, thus facilitated to alleviate oxidative stress in okra plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
10% compost improved okra peroxidase by 48.29% versus saline soil.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- 10% composte0
- Outcome
- peroxidasee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 48.29%e0
- Comparator
- saline soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 2.5% (FYM + press mud), 5% press mud, and 10% compost significantly reduced MDA content (27%) and improved activities of catalase (38.64%) and peroxidase (48.29%), respectively, compared to saline soil, thus facilitated to alleviate oxidative stress in okra plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude organic amendments are a cost-effective way to improve salinity stress tolerance in okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- improve salinity-induced osmotic and oxidative stress tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using organic amendments (municipal solid waste compost, farmyard manure and press mud) was a cost-effective approach to improve salinity-induced osmotic and oxidative stress tolerance in okra plants.”
The same questions in other papers
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- no effect
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salinity · physiology: oxidative · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.