Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available Ascophyllum nodosum alkaline extract as a plant growth stimulant and defense elicitor against foliar diseases of tomato and sweet pepper caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Alternaria solani in a tropical environment. Foliar applications of 0.5% A. nodosum extract (AN) at 10-day intervals resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increase in plant growth parameters, including plant height (40%), leaf number (50%), plant dry biomass (52%), root length (59%) and chlorophyll content (20%) compared to control. Treated plants also had a significantly higher number of flower clusters, flower numbers, fruits per cluster and total harvested fruit yield. The Ascophyllum extract significantly (P < 0.05) reduced disease incidence by the pathogens in both crops under greenhouse and field conditions. The combinatory treatment of seaweed extract and a minimum dose of contact fungicide in field trials, recorded the overall lowest disease levels (60% reduction) and highest yield (57% increase). Investigations into the mechanisms of disease suppression revealed the effects of the extract in inducing the activities of defense-related enzymes including phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase, as well as the levels of total phenolic compounds. The effect on SA, JA and ET-mediated signalling defense pathways was examined by quantifying expression levels of marker genes including PR1-a, PinII and ETR-1, for the above pathways respectively. Both crop plants treated with A. nodosum extract had significantly higher expression levels of the PinII and ETR-1 marker genes than controls. This was coupled with a marked increase in gene transcripts involved in auxin (IAA), gibberellin (Ga2Ox) and cytokinin (IPT) biosynthesis, which provides possible evidence for induced growth in plants treated with AN extract. Cross-talks between growth and defense responses as a result of seaweed extract application could evidently implicate the benefits of seaweed extract usage in sustainable crop production.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Ascophyllum extract increased plant height by 40%.
- Taxon
- tomato and sweet pepper
Capsicum annuum
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- 0.5% A. nodosum extract (AN) at 10-day intervalse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of 0.5% A. nodosum extract (AN) at 10-day intervals resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increase in plant growth parameters, including plant height (40%), leaf number (50%), plant dry biomass (52%), root length (59%) and chlorophyll content (20%) compared to control”
t0“tomato and sweet pepper crops”
e1“This study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available Ascophyllum nodosum alkaline extract as a plant growth stimulant and defense elicitor against foliar diseases of tomato and sweet pepper caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Alternaria solani in a tropical environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Ascophyllum extract increased leaf number by 50%.
- Taxon
- tomato and sweet pepperCapsicum annuumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 0.5% A. nodosum extract (AN) at 10-day intervalse0
- Outcome
- leaf numbere0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of 0.5% A. nodosum extract (AN) at 10-day intervals resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increase in plant growth parameters, including plant height (40%), leaf number (50%), plant dry biomass (52%), root length (59%) and chlorophyll content (20%) compared to control”
t0“tomato and sweet pepper crops”
e1“This study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available Ascophyllum nodosum alkaline extract as a plant growth stimulant and defense elicitor against foliar diseases of tomato and sweet pepper caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Alternaria solani in a tropical environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Ascophyllum extract increased plant dry biomass by 52%.
- Taxon
- tomato and sweet pepperCapsicum annuumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 0.5% A. nodosum extract (AN) at 10-day intervalse0
- Outcome
- plant dry biomasse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 52%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of 0.5% A. nodosum extract (AN) at 10-day intervals resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increase in plant growth parameters, including plant height (40%), leaf number (50%), plant dry biomass (52%), root length (59%) and chlorophyll content (20%) compared to control”
t0“tomato and sweet pepper crops”
e1“This study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available Ascophyllum nodosum alkaline extract as a plant growth stimulant and defense elicitor against foliar diseases of tomato and sweet pepper caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Alternaria solani in a tropical environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Ascophyllum extract increased root length by 59%.
- Taxon
- tomato and sweet pepperCapsicum annuumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 0.5% A. nodosum extract (AN) at 10-day intervalse0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 59%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of 0.5% A. nodosum extract (AN) at 10-day intervals resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increase in plant growth parameters, including plant height (40%), leaf number (50%), plant dry biomass (52%), root length (59%) and chlorophyll content (20%) compared to control”
t0“tomato and sweet pepper crops”
e1“This study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available Ascophyllum nodosum alkaline extract as a plant growth stimulant and defense elicitor against foliar diseases of tomato and sweet pepper caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Alternaria solani in a tropical environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Ascophyllum extract increased chlorophyll content by 20%.
- Taxon
- tomato and sweet pepperCapsicum annuumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 0.5% A. nodosum extract (AN) at 10-day intervalse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of 0.5% A. nodosum extract (AN) at 10-day intervals resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increase in plant growth parameters, including plant height (40%), leaf number (50%), plant dry biomass (52%), root length (59%) and chlorophyll content (20%) compared to control”
t0“tomato and sweet pepper crops”
e1“This study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available Ascophyllum nodosum alkaline extract as a plant growth stimulant and defense elicitor against foliar diseases of tomato and sweet pepper caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Alternaria solani in a tropical environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated plants had more flower clusters and flowers.
- Taxon
- tomato and sweet pepperCapsicum annuumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Treated plantse0
- Outcome
- number of flower clusters, flower numberse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treated plants also had a significantly higher number of flower clusters, flower numbers, fruits per cluster and total harvested fruit yield”
t0“tomato and sweet pepper crops”
e1“This study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available Ascophyllum nodosum alkaline extract as a plant growth stimulant and defense elicitor against foliar diseases of tomato and sweet pepper caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Alternaria solani in a tropical environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated plants had more fruits per cluster and higher harvested yield.
- Taxon
- tomato and sweet pepperCapsicum annuumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Treated plantse0
- Outcome
- fruits per cluster and total harvested fruit yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treated plants also had a significantly higher number of flower clusters, flower numbers, fruits per cluster and total harvested fruit yield”
t0“tomato and sweet pepper crops”
e1“This study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available Ascophyllum nodosum alkaline extract as a plant growth stimulant and defense elicitor against foliar diseases of tomato and sweet pepper caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Alternaria solani in a tropical environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascophyllum extract reduced disease incidence in both crops under greenhouse and field conditions.
- Taxon
- tomato and sweet pepperCapsicum annuumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ascophyllum extracte0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria
_(25868012152).jpg?width=60)
Xanthomonas campestrise1pathogen - Outcome
- disease incidence by the pathogense0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- greenhouse and field conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(25868012152).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The Ascophyllum extract significantly (P < 0.05) reduced disease incidence by the pathogens in both crops under greenhouse and field conditions”
t0“tomato and sweet pepper crops”
e1“This study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available Ascophyllum nodosum alkaline extract as a plant growth stimulant and defense elicitor against foliar diseases of tomato and sweet pepper caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Alternaria solani in a tropical environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract with a minimum contact fungicide dose produced 60% lower disease levels.
- Taxon
- tomato and sweet pepperCapsicum annuumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- seaweed extract and a minimum dose of contact fungicidee0
- Outcome
- disease levelse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 60% reductione0
- Setting
- field trialse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combinatory treatment of seaweed extract and a minimum dose of contact fungicide in field trials, recorded the overall lowest disease levels (60% reduction) and highest yield (57% increase)”
t0“tomato and sweet pepper crops”
e1“This study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available Ascophyllum nodosum alkaline extract as a plant growth stimulant and defense elicitor against foliar diseases of tomato and sweet pepper caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Alternaria solani in a tropical environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract with a minimum contact fungicide dose produced 57% higher yield.
- Taxon
- tomato and sweet pepperCapsicum annuumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- seaweed extract and a minimum dose of contact fungicidee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 57% increasee0
- Setting
- field trialse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combinatory treatment of seaweed extract and a minimum dose of contact fungicide in field trials, recorded the overall lowest disease levels (60% reduction) and highest yield (57% increase)”
t0“tomato and sweet pepper crops”
e1“This study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available Ascophyllum nodosum alkaline extract as a plant growth stimulant and defense elicitor against foliar diseases of tomato and sweet pepper caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Alternaria solani in a tropical environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascophyllum extract induced defense enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- tomato and sweet pepperCapsicum annuumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- extracte0
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidasee0
- Outcome
- activities of defense-related enzymese0
- Direction
- inducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of the extract in inducing the activities of defense-related enzymes including phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase”
t0“tomato and sweet pepper crops”
e1“This study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available Ascophyllum nodosum alkaline extract as a plant growth stimulant and defense elicitor against foliar diseases of tomato and sweet pepper caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Alternaria solani in a tropical environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascophyllum extract affected total phenolic compound levels.
- Taxon
- tomato and sweet pepperCapsicum annuumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- extracte1
- Outcome
- levels of total phenolic compoundse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as well as the levels of total phenolic compounds”
t0“tomato and sweet pepper crops”
e1“This study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available Ascophyllum nodosum alkaline extract as a plant growth stimulant and defense elicitor against foliar diseases of tomato and sweet pepper caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Alternaria solani in a tropical environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract treated crops had higher PinII and ETR-1 expression than controls.
- Taxon
- tomato and sweet pepperCapsicum annuumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- A. nodosum extracte0
- Gene
- PinII and ETR-1e0
- Outcome
- expression levels of the PinII and ETR-1 marker genese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both crop plants treated with A. nodosum extract had significantly higher expression levels of the PinII and ETR-1 marker genes than controls”
t0“tomato and sweet pepper crops”
e1“This study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available Ascophyllum nodosum alkaline extract as a plant growth stimulant and defense elicitor against foliar diseases of tomato and sweet pepper caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Alternaria solani in a tropical environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract treated crops showed increased transcripts for growth hormone biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- tomato and sweet pepperCapsicum annuumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ascophyllum nodosum alkaline extracte1
- Outcome
- gene transcripts involved in auxin (IAA), gibberellin (Ga2Ox) and cytokinin (IPT) biosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was coupled with a marked increase in gene transcripts involved in auxin (IAA), gibberellin (Ga2Ox) and cytokinin (IPT) biosynthesis”
t0“tomato and sweet pepper crops”
e1“This study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available Ascophyllum nodosum alkaline extract as a plant growth stimulant and defense elicitor against foliar diseases of tomato and sweet pepper caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Alternaria solani in a tropical environment”
The same questions in other papers
Ascophyllum nodosum · growth · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Ascophyllum nodosum · molecular: expression · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Ascophyllum nodosum · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
fungicide · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
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2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
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botanical · physiology: enzyme activity · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
- positive
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See all 12 papers →botanical · physiology: pigments · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
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23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →other · yield · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
24 papers more in this group
See all 28 papers →8 of 17 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.