Abstract
The growing interest in the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in agriculture creates a risk of soil contamination with ZnO NPs, which can lead to phytotoxic effects on germinating seeds and seedlings. In the present study, the susceptibility of germinating seeds/seedlings of pea and wheat to ZnO NPs of various sizes (≤50 and ≤100 nm) applied at concentrations in the range of 100-1000 mg/L was compared. Changes in metabolic profiles in seedlings were analyzed by GC and GC-MS methods. The size-dependent harmful effect of ZnO NPs on the seedling's growth was revealed. The more toxic ZnO NPs (50 nm) at the lowest concentration (100 mg/L) caused a 2-fold decrease in the length of the wheat roots. In peas, the root elongation was slowed down by 20-30% only at 1000 mg/L ZnO NPs. The metabolic response to ZnO NPs, common for all tested cultivars of pea and wheat, was a significant increase in sucrose (in roots and shoots) and GABA (in roots). In pea seedlings, an increased content of metabolites involved in the aspartate-glutamate pathway and the TCA cycle (citrate, malate) was found, while in wheat, the content of total amino acids (in all tissues) and malate (in roots) decreased. Moreover, a decrease in products of starch hydrolysis (maltose and glucose) in wheat endosperm indicates the disturbances in starch mobilization.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Smaller ZnO nanoparticles harmed seedling growth more.
- Taxon
- Pea
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Treatment
- ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- seedling's growthe0
- Direction
- harmfule0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The size-dependent harmful effect of ZnO NPs on the seedling's growth was revealed”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 mg/L, 50 nm ZnO nanoparticles halved wheat root length.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- ZnO NPs (50 nm) at the lowest concentration (100 mg/L)e0
- Outcome
- length of the wheat rootse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 2-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The more toxic ZnO NPs (50 nm) at the lowest concentration (100 mg/L) caused a 2-fold decrease in the length of the wheat roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea root elongation slowed by 20-30% only at 1000 mg/L ZnO nanoparticles.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- 1000 mg/L ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- root elongatione0
- Direction
- slowed downe0
- Value
- 20-30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In peas, the root elongation was slowed down by 20-30% only at 1000 mg/L ZnO NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles significantly increased sucrose in pea roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- sucrosee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The metabolic response to ZnO NPs, common for all tested cultivars of pea and wheat, was a significant increase in sucrose (in roots and shoots) and GABA (in roots)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles significantly increased sucrose in wheat roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- sucrosee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The metabolic response to ZnO NPs, common for all tested cultivars of pea and wheat, was a significant increase in sucrose (in roots and shoots) and GABA (in roots)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles significantly increased GABA in pea roots.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The metabolic response to ZnO NPs, common for all tested cultivars of pea and wheat, was a significant increase in sucrose (in roots and shoots) and GABA (in roots)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles significantly increased GABA in wheat roots.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The metabolic response to ZnO NPs, common for all tested cultivars of pea and wheat, was a significant increase in sucrose (in roots and shoots) and GABA (in roots)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles increased aspartate-glutamate pathway metabolites, citrate and malate in pea seedlings.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- content of metabolites involved in the aspartate-glutamate pathway and the TCA cycle (citrate, malate)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In pea seedlings, an increased content of metabolites involved in the aspartate-glutamate pathway and the TCA cycle (citrate, malate) was found”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles decreased total amino acids in all wheat tissues.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- all tissuese0
- Outcome
- content of total amino acidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat, the content of total amino acids (in all tissues) and malate (in roots) decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles decreased malate in wheat roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- malatee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat, the content of total amino acids (in all tissues) and malate (in roots) decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles decreased maltose and glucose in wheat endosperm.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- endosperme0
- Outcome
- products of starch hydrolysis (maltose and glucose)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in products of starch hydrolysis (maltose and glucose) in wheat endosperm indicates the disturbances in starch mobilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced starch hydrolysis products indicate disturbed starch mobilization in wheat endosperm.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- endosperme0
- Outcome
- disturbances in starch mobilizatione0
- Qualifier
- decrease in products of starch hydrolysis (maltose and glucose)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in products of starch hydrolysis (maltose and glucose) in wheat endosperm indicates the disturbances in starch mobilization”
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See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.