Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of silicon (Si) and nano-silicon (NSi) on growth, yield, ions content, and antioxidant defense systems, including transcript levels of enzyme-encoding genes in Pisum sativum plants grown under salinity stress. Both Si and NSi were applied at the 3 mM level and NaCl was applied at 4 concentrations (100, 150, 200 and 250 mM). Vegetative growth, including plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weights, and yield attributes were determined. Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes was analyzed, and their activities were determined. The results showed that salinity had deleterious effects on plant growth and yield. Salt-stressed plant leaves exhibited a greater activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), but a lower activity of catalase (CAT) when compared to the control. Na+ ions accumulated in roots and shoots of salinized plants. The application of Si and NSi significantly enhanced vegetative growth and relative water content (RWC), and caused significant increases in plant height, fresh and dry weight, total yield, and antioxidant defense systems. Si and NSi enhanced K+ content in roots and shoots under salinity treatment and decreased Na+ content in the studied tissues. It was concluded that the application of NSi was beneficial in improving the salt tolerance of Pisum sativum plants more than Si alone.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity had deleterious effects on pea growth and yield.
- Taxon
- Pea
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- plant growth and yielde1
- Direction
- deleterious effectse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results showed that salinity had deleterious effects on plant growth and yield”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-stressed pea leaves had a greater activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) than the control.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- Salt-stressede1
- Outcome
- activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD)e1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salt-stressed plant leaves exhibited a greater activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), but a lower activity of catalase (CAT) when compared to the control”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-stressed pea leaves had a lower activity of catalase (CAT) than the control.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- Salt-stressede1
- Outcome
- activity of catalase (CAT)e1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salt-stressed plant leaves exhibited a greater activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), but a lower activity of catalase (CAT) when compared to the control”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and NSi significantly enhanced vegetative growth and relative water content in pea under salinity.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- The application of Si and NSie1
- Outcome
- vegetative growth and relative water contente1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The application of Si and NSi significantly enhanced vegetative growth and relative water content (RWC), and caused significant increases in plant height, fresh and dry weight, total yield, and antioxidant defense systems”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and NSi caused significant increases in plant height, fresh and dry weight of pea.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- The application of Si and NSie1
- Outcome
- plant height, fresh and dry weighte1
- Direction
- significant increasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The application of Si and NSi significantly enhanced vegetative growth and relative water content (RWC), and caused significant increases in plant height, fresh and dry weight, total yield, and antioxidant defense systems”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and NSi caused a significant increase in total yield of pea.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- The application of Si and NSie1
- Outcome
- total yielde1
- Direction
- significant increasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The application of Si and NSi significantly enhanced vegetative growth and relative water content (RWC), and caused significant increases in plant height, fresh and dry weight, total yield, and antioxidant defense systems”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and NSi caused a significant increase in antioxidant defense systems of pea.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- The application of Si and NSie1
- Outcome
- antioxidant defense systemse1
- Direction
- significant increasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The application of Si and NSi significantly enhanced vegetative growth and relative water content (RWC), and caused significant increases in plant height, fresh and dry weight, total yield, and antioxidant defense systems”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and NSi enhanced K+ content in pea roots and shoots under salinity.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse1
- Treatment
- Si and NSie1
- Outcome
- K+ contente1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Qualifier
- under salinity treatmente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Si and NSi enhanced K+ content in roots and shoots under salinity treatment and decreased Na+ content in the studied tissues”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and NSi decreased Na+ content in the studied pea tissues.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- the studied tissuese1
- Treatment
- Si and NSie1
- Outcome
- Na+ contente1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Si and NSi enhanced K+ content in roots and shoots under salinity treatment and decreased Na+ content in the studied tissues”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NSi was more beneficial than Si alone in improving the salt tolerance of Pisum sativum.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- the application of NSie1
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee1
- Direction
- improvinge1
- Comparator
- Si alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“It was concluded that the application of NSi was beneficial in improving the salt tolerance of Pisum sativum plants more than Si alone”
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8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.