Abstract
Warming trends over the winegrowing regions lead to an advance of grapevine phenology, decreased yield and increased sugar content with a lower polyphenol content. We hypothesized that different leaf removal timings may counteract these effects. A two-year experiment was conducted in La Rioja (Spain) with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache trained in an open-vase system. Trial consisted in a complete block design with two leaf removal treatments differing in the moment of manipulation: i) severe leaf removal treatment conducted after fruit set (ELR); and ii) severe leaf removal at veraison (LLR) compared to an untreated control (Control). Both leaf removal treatments tended to decrease sugar content with no effect on yield, these effects being highly affected by the year. Defoliation accounted for a decreased flavanol and stilbene contents in berries at harvest. An ELR increased anthocyanin and phenolic acid contents at harvest, while warming during 2022 accounted for decreased contents of all the monitored groups of flavonols. ELR was only effective for delaying ripening by means of impairing the sugar:anthocyanin decoupling during the 2021 growing season which was related to lower % of kaempferol. Altogether, results suggested that defoliation should still be applied under currently warming trends in some viticulture regions.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal treatments tended to decrease sugar content compared with an untreated control.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferae0 - Material
- Grenachee0
- Treatment
- leaf removal treatmentse1
- Outcome
- sugar contente1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Qualifier
- tendede1
- Comparator
- untreated controle2
- Setting
- La Rioja (Spain)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year experiment was conducted in La Rioja (Spain) with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache trained in an open-vase system”
e1“Both leaf removal treatments tended to decrease sugar content with no effect on yield, these effects being highly affected by the year”
e2“compared to an untreated control (Control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal treatments had no effect on yield, and this was highly affected by the year.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- leaf removal treatmentse1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- no effecte1
- Qualifier
- highly affected by the yeare1
- Comparator
- untreated controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year experiment was conducted in La Rioja (Spain) with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache trained in an open-vase system”
e1“Both leaf removal treatments tended to decrease sugar content with no effect on yield, these effects being highly affected by the year”
e2“compared to an untreated control (Control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation decreased flavanol and stilbene contents in berries at harvest.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- Defoliatione4
- Outcome
- flavanol and stilbene contentse4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year experiment was conducted in La Rioja (Spain) with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache trained in an open-vase system”
e4“Defoliation accounted for a decreased flavanol and stilbene contents in berries at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
The ELR severe leaf removal increased anthocyanin and phenolic acid contents at harvest compared with an untreated control.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- severe leaf removal treatment conducted after fruit set (ELR)e3
- Outcome
- anthocyanin and phenolic acid contentse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- untreated controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year experiment was conducted in La Rioja (Spain) with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache trained in an open-vase system”
e2“compared to an untreated control (Control)”
e3“severe leaf removal treatment conducted after fruit set (ELR)”
e5“An ELR increased anthocyanin and phenolic acid contents at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming during 2022 was associated with decreased contents of all monitored flavonol groups in grapevine berries.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- warming during 2022e6
- Outcome
- contents of all the monitored groups of flavonolse6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year experiment was conducted in La Rioja (Spain) with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache trained in an open-vase system”
e6“while warming during 2022 accounted for decreased contents of all the monitored groups of flavonols”
Claim · model-written summary
ELR was effective only for delaying ripening, by impairing sugar:anthocyanin decoupling in the 2021 season.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- ELRe7
- Outcome
- ripeninge7
- Direction
- delayinge7
- Qualifier
- by means of impairing the sugar:anthocyanin decoupling during the 2021 growing seasone7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year experiment was conducted in La Rioja (Spain) with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache trained in an open-vase system”
e7“ELR was only effective for delaying ripening by means of impairing the sugar:anthocyanin decoupling during the 2021 growing season which was related to lower % of kaempferol”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower kaempferol percentage was related to the sugar:anthocyanin decoupling in the 2021 season.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Compound
- kaempferole7
- Outcome
- % of kaempferole7
- Direction
- lowere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year experiment was conducted in La Rioja (Spain) with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache trained in an open-vase system”
e7“ELR was only effective for delaying ripening by means of impairing the sugar:anthocyanin decoupling during the 2021 growing season which was related to lower % of kaempferol”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation should still be applied under current warming trends in some viticulture regions.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Outcome
- defoliatione1
- Setting
- some viticulture regionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year experiment was conducted in La Rioja (Spain) with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache trained in an open-vase system”
e1“defoliation should still be applied under currently warming trends in some viticulture regions”
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