Abstract
BACKGROUND: The selective removal of grapevine leaves around berry clusters can improve the quality of ripening fruits by influencing parameters such as the berry sugar and anthocyanin content at harvest. The outcome depends strongly on the timing of defoliation, which influences the source-sink balance and the modified microclimate surrounding the berries. We removed the basal leaves from Vitis vinifera L. cv Sangiovese shoots at the pre-bloom and veraison stages, and investigated responses such as shoot growth, fruit morphology and composition compared to untreated controls. Moreover, we performed a genome-wide expression analysis to explore the impact of these defoliation treatments on berry transcriptome. RESULTS: We found that pre-bloom defoliation improved berry quality traits such as sugar and anthocyanin content, whereas defoliation at veraison had a detrimental effect, e.g. less anthocyanin and higher incidence of sunburn damage. Genome-wide expression analysis during berry ripening revealed that defoliation at either stage resulted in major transcriptome reprogramming, which slightly delayed the onset of ripening. However, a closer investigation of individual gene expression profiles identified genes that were specifically modulated by defoliation at each stage, reflecting the uncoupling of metabolic processes such as flavonoid biosynthesis, cell wall and stress metabolism, from the general ripening program. CONCLUSIONS: The specific transcriptional modifications we observed following defoliation at different time points allow the identification of the developmental or metabolic processes affected in berries thus deepening the knowledge of the mechanisms by which these agronomical practices impact the final berry ripening traits.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-bloom defoliation improved berry sugar and anthocyanin content.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.
Vitis viniferat0 - Material
- Sangioveset0
- Treatment
- pre-bloom defoliatione0
- Outcome
- sugar and anthocyanin contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pre-bloom defoliation improved berry quality traits such as sugar and anthocyanin content”
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv Sangiovese”
Claim · model-written summary
Veraison defoliation reduced anthocyanin content.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- defoliation at veraisone0
- Outcome
- anthocyanine0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“defoliation at veraison had a detrimental effect, e.g. less anthocyanin”
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv Sangiovese”
Claim · model-written summary
Veraison defoliation increased sunburn damage.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- defoliation at veraisone0
- Outcome
- incidence of sunburn damagee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“defoliation at veraison had a detrimental effect, e.g. less anthocyanin and higher incidence of sunburn damage”
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv Sangiovese”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation at either stage caused major berry transcriptome reprogramming.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- defoliation at either stagee0
- Outcome
- transcriptome reprogramminge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“defoliation at either stage resulted in major transcriptome reprogramming”
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv Sangiovese”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation at either stage slightly delayed onset of ripening.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- defoliation at either stagee0
- Outcome
- onset of ripeninge0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Qualifier
- slightlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“defoliation at either stage resulted in major transcriptome reprogramming, which slightly delayed the onset of ripening”
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv Sangiovese”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation at each stage specifically modulated genes linked to flavonoid biosynthesis, cell wall and stress metabolism.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- defoliation at each stagee0
- Outcome
- genes that were specifically modulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genes that were specifically modulated by defoliation at each stage, reflecting the uncoupling of metabolic processes such as flavonoid biosynthesis, cell wall and stress metabolism”
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv Sangiovese”
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