Abstract
Throughout the world, salinity is a major environmental issue that limits agricultural productivity, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. In addition, climate change is the most important reason for the salinization of agricultural soils in the world, so it is now essential to find solutions to increase salinity tolerance in plants. This study investigated the potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation to enhance the growth and yield performances of flax under different salinity levels by conducting a pot experiment. The experiment was laid out in a two-factor completely randomized design including AMF inoculation (AMF+: with inoculation; AMF−: without inoculation) and irrigation water salinity (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl). According to the results, it is evident that salt stress caused negative physiological effects, including limited growth, reduced photosynthesis, and decreased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content in the shoots and roots of flax plants. Moreover, mycorrhizal association improved the salt tolerance of the plants by increasing chlorophyll content, and enhancing N and P shoot and root contents and consequently yield parameters, such as seed and stem fiber yield, particularly at moderate salt concentrations (50 and 100 mM NaCl). In particular, under 100 mM, AMF increased the total chlorophyll content, N shoot and root content, P shoot and root content, and seed and stem fiber yield by 30.4%, 36.1%, 31.0%, 38.9%, 45.4%, 35.2%, and 26.9%, respectively. As a result of using AMF, flax plants grown under salt stress exhibited tolerance, suggesting that AMF could be applied in saline environments to maintain ecological stability.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress limited flax growth.
- Taxon
- flax
Linum usitatissimume0 - Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress caused negative physiological effects, including limited growth, reduced photosynthesis, and decreased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content in the shoots and roots of flax plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced flax photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress caused negative physiological effects, including limited growth, reduced photosynthesis, and decreased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content in the shoots and roots of flax plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased nitrogen and phosphorus content in flax shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content in the shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress caused negative physiological effects, including limited growth, reduced photosynthesis, and decreased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content in the shoots and roots of flax plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal association increased chlorophyll content under moderate salinity.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal associatione0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- 50 and 100 mM NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal association improved the salt tolerance of the plants by increasing chlorophyll content, and enhancing N and P shoot and root contents and consequently yield parameters, such as seed and stem fiber yield, particularly at moderate salt concentrations (50 and 100 mM NaCl)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased total chlorophyll content by 30.4% at 100 mM.
- Taxon
- AMFe0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“under 100 mM, AMF increased the total chlorophyll content, N shoot and root content, P shoot and root content, and seed and stem fiber yield by 30.4%, 36.1%, 31.0%, 38.9%, 45.4%, 35.2%, and 26.9%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased shoot nitrogen content by 36.1% at 100 mM.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“under 100 mM, AMF increased the total chlorophyll content, N shoot and root content, P shoot and root content, and seed and stem fiber yield by 30.4%, 36.1%, 31.0%, 38.9%, 45.4%, 35.2%, and 26.9%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased root nitrogen content by 31.0% at 100 mM.
- Taxon
- AMFe0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- root contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 31.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“under 100 mM, AMF increased the total chlorophyll content, N shoot and root content, P shoot and root content, and seed and stem fiber yield by 30.4%, 36.1%, 31.0%, 38.9%, 45.4%, 35.2%, and 26.9%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased shoot phosphorus content by 38.9% at 100 mM.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“under 100 mM, AMF increased the total chlorophyll content, N shoot and root content, P shoot and root content, and seed and stem fiber yield by 30.4%, 36.1%, 31.0%, 38.9%, 45.4%, 35.2%, and 26.9%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased root phosphorus content by 45.4% at 100 mM.
- Taxon
- AMFe0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- root contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 45.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“under 100 mM, AMF increased the total chlorophyll content, N shoot and root content, P shoot and root content, and seed and stem fiber yield by 30.4%, 36.1%, 31.0%, 38.9%, 45.4%, 35.2%, and 26.9%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased flax seed yield by 35.2% at 100 mM.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“under 100 mM, AMF increased the total chlorophyll content, N shoot and root content, P shoot and root content, and seed and stem fiber yield by 30.4%, 36.1%, 31.0%, 38.9%, 45.4%, 35.2%, and 26.9%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased flax stem fiber yield by 26.9% at 100 mM.
- Taxon
- AMFe0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- stem fiber yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“under 100 mM, AMF increased the total chlorophyll content, N shoot and root content, P shoot and root content, and seed and stem fiber yield by 30.4%, 36.1%, 31.0%, 38.9%, 45.4%, 35.2%, and 26.9%, respectively”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results differ
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →mycorrhiza · physiology: pigments · Viridiplantae (plants)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
salinity · molecular: metabolites · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
salinity · physiology: photosynthesis · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.