Abstract
Salinity is one of the environmental challenges in the world affecting on several physiological processes and the most limiting factor of plant productivity and quality. Two pot experiments were conducted at the wire house of National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt during two successive seasons of 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 to assess the efficiency of two antioxidant vitamins (ascorbic acid at 1.13 and 2.27 mM or α tocopherol at 0.46 and 0.93 mM) and/or salinity stress at (0.0, 3.08, 6.16, 9.23 ds/m) on photosynthetic pigments, protein, carbohydrate, minerals, oil contents and yield as well as fatty acids composition of the yielded oils of three flax cultivars (Sakha 3, Giza 8 and Ariane). The data revealed that salinity stress caused significant and gradual decreases in total photosynthetic pigments, polysaccharides, total carbohydrates, total proteins and the uptake of Mg, K, Ca and P in the leaves of three flax cultivars with increasing salinity levels (3.08, 6.16, 9.23 ds/m). Otherwise, significant and gradual increase appeared in both Na and Cl. Ascorbic acid and α tocopherol at different concentrations caused significant increases in photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrates and protein contents in the leaves of flax plants irrigated either with tap water or saline solution as compared with their corresponding controls. Exogenous application of ascorbic and α tocopherol at different concentrations exhibited decreases in Na and Cl whereas increases appeared in Mg, K, Ca and P relative to their corresponding control. Ascorbic acid (1.13 and 2.27 mM) and α tocopherol (0.46 and 0.93 mM) caused marked increases in yield and yield attributes of three flax cultivars either in plants irrigated with tap water or saline solution as compared to corresponding control. Ascorbic acid effects were more pronounced than α tocopherol effects. In addition, the higher level of two vitamins was more pronounced than the lower level. Regarding plants irrigated with tap water, it was noted that ascorbic acid at 2.27 mM caused significant increase in oil content by 19.75 % in Giza 8 whereas α tocopherpl at 0.93 mM caused significant increase by 14.83% in Sakha 3 and 13.70% in Ariane. Regarding plants irrigated with saline solution (9.23 ds/m), it was found that α tocopherol at 0.93 mM caused significant increase in oil % by 30.84 %, 9.66 % and 35.62 % in Sakha 3, Giza 8 and Ariane cv. respectively. Responses of three flax cultivars to salt stress were more or less similar; since salinity stress caused marked increases in total saturated fatty acids accompanied by decreases in total unsaturated fatty acids as salinity levels increased. Myristic acid (C14:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) were the most affected saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in response to different salinity levels. The effect of ascorbic acid at 2.27 mM and tocopherol at 0.93 mM were found to be contrary to that of salinity as marked increases appeared in unsaturated fatty acids as compared with control plants. It could be concluded that foliar application of ascorbic acid and α tocopherol could play an enhancement role and alleviate the harmful effect of salinity stress on many metabolic and physiological processes of three flax cultivars that reflected in increasing seed yield quality and quantity.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity caused significant, gradual decreases in total photosynthetic pigments, polysaccharides and total carbohydrates of flax.
- Taxon
- flax
Linum usitatissimumt0 - Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- total photosynthetic pigments, polysaccharides, total carbohydratese0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“salinity stress caused significant and gradual decreases in total photosynthetic pigments, polysaccharides, total carbohydrates”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity caused significant, gradual decreases in total proteins and in leaf uptake of Mg, K, Ca and P in flax.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- total proteins and the uptake of Mg, K, Ca and Pe0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“salinity stress caused significant and gradual decreases in total photosynthetic pigments, polysaccharides, total carbohydrates, total proteins and the uptake of Mg, K, Ca and P in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity caused significant, gradual increases in Na and Cl in flax.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse1
- Outcome
- Na and Cle0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“significant and gradual increase appeared in both Na and Cl”
e1“salinity stress caused significant and gradual decreases”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol significantly increased photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrates and protein contents in leaves of flax irrigated with tap water or saline solution, compared with corresponding controls.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Ascorbic acid and α tocopherole0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrates and protein contentse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- their corresponding controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“Ascorbic acid and α tocopherol at different concentrations caused significant increases in photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrates and protein contents in the leaves of flax plants irrigated either with tap water or saline solution as compared with their corresponding controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol decreased Na and Cl in flax relative to corresponding controls.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of ascorbic and α tocopherole0
- Outcome
- Na and Cle0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Comparator
- their corresponding controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“Exogenous application of ascorbic and α tocopherol at different concentrations exhibited decreases in Na and Cl whereas increases appeared in Mg, K, Ca and P relative to their corresponding control”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol increased Mg, K, Ca and P in flax relative to corresponding controls.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of ascorbic and α tocopherole0
- Outcome
- Mg, K, Ca and Pe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- their corresponding controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“Exogenous application of ascorbic and α tocopherol at different concentrations exhibited decreases in Na and Cl whereas increases appeared in Mg, K, Ca and P relative to their corresponding control”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol caused marked increases in yield and yield attributes of three flax cultivars under tap water or saline irrigation, compared with corresponding controls.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- Ascorbic acid (1.13 and 2.27 mM) and α tocopherol (0.46 and 0.93 mM)e0
- Outcome
- yield and yield attributese0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- corresponding controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“Ascorbic acid (1.13 and 2.27 mM) and α tocopherol (0.46 and 0.93 mM) caused marked increases in yield and yield attributes of three flax cultivars either in plants irrigated with tap water or saline solution as compared to corresponding control”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid effects were more pronounced than alpha tocopherol effects in flax.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- Ascorbic acide0
- Outcome
- more pronouncede0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- α tocopherole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“Ascorbic acid effects were more pronounced than α tocopherol effects”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher level of the two vitamins was more pronounced in effect than the lower level in flax.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- the higher level of two vitaminse0
- Outcome
- more pronouncede0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- the lower levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“the higher level of two vitamins was more pronounced than the lower level”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid at 2.27 mM significantly increased oil content by 19.75 % in flax cultivar Giza 8 irrigated with tap water.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Material
- Giza 8e0
- Treatment
- ascorbic acid at 2.27 mMe0
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 19.75 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“ascorbic acid at 2.27 mM caused significant increase in oil content by 19.75 % in Giza 8”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha tocopherol at 0.93 mM significantly increased oil content by 14.83% in flax cultivar Sakha 3 irrigated with tap water.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Material
- Sakha 3e0
- Treatment
- α tocopherpl at 0.93 mMe0
- Outcome
- oil contente1
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 14.83%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“α tocopherpl at 0.93 mM caused significant increase by 14.83% in Sakha 3”
e1“significant increase in oil content”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha tocopherol at 0.93 mM significantly increased oil content by 13.70% in flax cultivar Ariane irrigated with tap water.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Material
- Arianee0
- Treatment
- α tocopherpl at 0.93 mMe1
- Outcome
- oil contente2
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 13.70%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“13.70% in Ariane”
e1“α tocopherpl at 0.93 mM caused significant increase”
e2“significant increase in oil content”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha tocopherol at 0.93 mM significantly increased oil percentage by 30.84 % in flax cultivar Sakha 3 irrigated with saline solution (9.23 ds/m).
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Material
- Sakha 3e0
- Treatment
- α tocopherol at 0.93 mMe0
- Outcome
- oil %e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 30.84 %e0
- Qualifier
- saline solution (9.23 ds/m)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“α tocopherol at 0.93 mM caused significant increase in oil % by 30.84 %, 9.66 % and 35.62 % in Sakha 3, Giza 8 and Ariane cv”
e1“plants irrigated with saline solution (9.23 ds/m)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha tocopherol at 0.93 mM significantly increased oil percentage by 9.66 % in flax cultivar Giza 8 irrigated with saline solution (9.23 ds/m).
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Material
- Giza 8e0
- Treatment
- α tocopherol at 0.93 mMe0
- Outcome
- oil %e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 9.66 %e0
- Qualifier
- saline solution (9.23 ds/m)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“α tocopherol at 0.93 mM caused significant increase in oil % by 30.84 %, 9.66 % and 35.62 % in Sakha 3, Giza 8 and Ariane cv”
e1“plants irrigated with saline solution (9.23 ds/m)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha tocopherol at 0.93 mM significantly increased oil percentage by 35.62 % in flax cultivar Ariane irrigated with saline solution (9.23 ds/m).
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Material
- Arianee0
- Treatment
- α tocopherol at 0.93 mMe0
- Outcome
- oil %e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 35.62 %e0
- Qualifier
- saline solution (9.23 ds/m)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“α tocopherol at 0.93 mM caused significant increase in oil % by 30.84 %, 9.66 % and 35.62 % in Sakha 3, Giza 8 and Ariane cv”
e1“plants irrigated with saline solution (9.23 ds/m)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress caused marked increases in total saturated fatty acids in flax oils.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- total saturated fatty acidse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“salinity stress caused marked increases in total saturated fatty acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity levels decreased total unsaturated fatty acids in flax oils.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- total unsaturated fatty acidse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“decreases in total unsaturated fatty acids as salinity levels increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid at 2.27 mM and tocopherol at 0.93 mM produced marked increases in unsaturated fatty acids compared with control plants, contrary to the effect of salinity.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- ascorbic acid at 2.27 mM and tocopherol at 0.93 mMe1
- Outcome
- unsaturated fatty acidse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“marked increases appeared in unsaturated fatty acids as compared with control plants”
e1“The effect of ascorbic acid at 2.27 mM and tocopherol at 0.93 mM”
Claim · model-written summary
Myristic acid (C14:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) were the most affected saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in response to different salinity levels in flax.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- different salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- Myristic acid (C14:0) and oleic acid (C18:1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“Myristic acid (C14:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) were the most affected saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in response to different salinity levels”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that foliar application of ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol can alleviate the harmful effect of salinity stress on flax.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of ascorbic acid and α tocopherole0
- Outcome
- alleviate the harmful effect of salinity stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flax”
e0“foliar application of ascorbic acid and α tocopherol could play an enhancement role and alleviate the harmful effect of salinity stress”
The same questions in other papers
alpha-tocopherol · physiology: photosynthesis · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
alpha-tocopherol · nutrient: content · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
alpha-tocopherol · yield · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
ascorbic acid · yield · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
salinity · quality: oil · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
salinity · nutrient: content · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
salinity · physiology: photosynthesis · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.