Abstract
Introduction Currently, microbe-based approaches are being tested to address nutrient deficiencies and enhance nutrient use efficiency in crops. However, these bioinoculants have been unsuccessful at the commercial level due to differences in field and in-vivo conditions. Thus, to enhance bacterial stability, microbial formulations are considered, which will provide an appropriate microenvironment and protection to the bacteria ensuring better rhizospheric-colonization. Methods The present study aimed to develop a phosphobacterium-based encapsulated biofertilizer using the ion-chelation method, wherein a bacterial strain, Myroid gitamensis was mixed with a composite solution containing rice bran (RB), gum Arabic (GA), tricalcium phosphate, and alginate to develop low-cost and slow-release microbeads. The developed microbead was studied for encapsulation efficiency, shape, size, external morphology, shelf-life, soil release behavior, and biodegradability and characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XRD. Further, the wheat growth-promoting potential of microbeads was studied. Results The developed microbeads showed an encapsulation efficiency of 94.11%. The air-dried beads stored at 4°C were favorable for bacterial survival for upto 6 months. Microbeads showed 99.75% degradation within 110 days of incubation showing the bio-sustainable nature of the beads. The application of dried formulations to the pot-grown wheat seedlings resulted in a higher germination rate, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight of the seedlings, and higher potassium and phosphorus uptake in wheat. Discussion This study, for the first time, provides evidence that compared to liquid biofertilizers, the RB-GA encapsulated bacteria have better potential of enhancing wheat growth and can be foreseen as a future fertilizer option for wheat.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The encapsulated microbeads showed an encapsulation efficiency of 94.11%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- encapsulation efficiencye1
- Value
- 94.11%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further, the wheat growth-promoting potential of microbeads was studied”
e1“The developed microbeads showed an encapsulation efficiency of 94.11%”
Claim · model-written summary
Air-dried beads stored at 4°C kept bacterial survival favourable for up to 6 months.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- bacterial survivale2
- Value
- 6 monthse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further, the wheat growth-promoting potential of microbeads was studied”
e2“The air-dried beads stored at 4°C were favorable for bacterial survival for upto 6 months”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbeads showed 99.75% degradation within 110 days of incubation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- degradatione3
- Value
- 99.75%e3
- Qualifier
- within 110 days of incubatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further, the wheat growth-promoting potential of microbeads was studied”
e3“Microbeads showed 99.75% degradation within 110 days of incubation”
Claim · model-written summary
Dried formulations applied to pot-grown wheat seedlings increased germination rate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- dried formulationse4
- Interactor
- Myroid gitamensise6symbiont
- Outcome
- germination ratee4
- Direction
- highere4
- Setting
- pot-growne4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further, the wheat growth-promoting potential of microbeads was studied”
e4“The application of dried formulations to the pot-grown wheat seedlings resulted in a higher germination rate, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight of the seedlings, and higher potassium and phosphorus uptake in wheat”
e6“a bacterial strain, Myroid gitamensis was mixed with a composite solution containing rice bran (RB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dried formulations applied to pot-grown wheat seedlings increased shoot and root length.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- dried formulationse4
- Interactor
- Myroid gitamensise6symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot length, root lengthe4
- Direction
- highere4
- Setting
- pot-growne4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further, the wheat growth-promoting potential of microbeads was studied”
e4“The application of dried formulations to the pot-grown wheat seedlings resulted in a higher germination rate, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight of the seedlings, and higher potassium and phosphorus uptake in wheat”
e6“a bacterial strain, Myroid gitamensis was mixed with a composite solution containing rice bran (RB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dried formulations applied to pot-grown wheat seedlings increased fresh and dry weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- dried formulationse4
- Interactor
- Myroid gitamensise6symbiont
- Outcome
- fresh weight, dry weight of the seedlingse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Setting
- pot-growne4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further, the wheat growth-promoting potential of microbeads was studied”
e4“The application of dried formulations to the pot-grown wheat seedlings resulted in a higher germination rate, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight of the seedlings, and higher potassium and phosphorus uptake in wheat”
e6“a bacterial strain, Myroid gitamensis was mixed with a composite solution containing rice bran (RB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dried formulations applied to wheat increased potassium and phosphorus uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- dried formulationse4
- Interactor
- Myroid gitamensise6symbiont
- Outcome
- potassium and phosphorus uptakee4
- Direction
- highere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further, the wheat growth-promoting potential of microbeads was studied”
e4“The application of dried formulations to the pot-grown wheat seedlings resulted in a higher germination rate, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight of the seedlings, and higher potassium and phosphorus uptake in wheat”
e6“a bacterial strain, Myroid gitamensis was mixed with a composite solution containing rice bran (RB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Encapsulated bacteria have better potential of enhancing wheat growth than liquid biofertilizers.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- RB-GA encapsulated bacteriae5
- Interactor
- Myroid gitamensise6symbiont
- Outcome
- potential of enhancing wheat growthe5
- Direction
- bettere5
- Comparator
- liquid biofertilizerse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“compared to liquid biofertilizers, the RB-GA encapsulated bacteria have better potential of enhancing wheat growth”
e6“a bacterial strain, Myroid gitamensis was mixed with a composite solution containing rice bran (RB)”
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