Abstract
Objective: Wheat is an alternative to corn silage for ruminant feeding in northern China. This study examined the effects of harvest time and added molasses on nutritional content, ensiling characteristics and in vitro degradation of whole crop wheat (WCW). Methods: Fresh WCW at the milk-ripe stage was harvested at 0700 h (i.e., in the morning [Mo]) and 1700 h (i.e., in the afternoon [Af]), and then immediately used to prepare silage and make hay. Commercial molasses was added to Af WCW at 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% (fresh weight) proportions. The WCW treated with molasses was mixed thoroughly prior to ensiling. Results: Dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content (p<0.01), accumulative gas production in 72 h (GP 72h , 77.46 mL/g vs 95.15 mL/g) and dry matter disappearance in vitro (69.15% vs 76.77%) were lower (p<0.05), while crude protein (CP) content was higher for WCW silage (WCWS) compared to WCW (p<0.01). The propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations in WCWS from Mo WCW were 1.47% and 0.26%, respectively. However, the propionic and butyric acid concentrations were negligible, while the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (NH 3 -N/TN, p<0.01) concentration was lower and the rate of gas production at 50% of the maximum (17.05 mL/h vs 13.94 mL/h, p<0.05) was higher for Af WCWS compared to Mo WCWS. The incubation fluid's NH 3 -N concentration was lower in WCWS and Af WCW compared to Mo WCW (p<0.05). The CP and WSC content increased with increasing molasses levels (p<0.05). Furthermore, the pH (p<0.01) and time when gas production was 50% of the maximum (2.78 h vs 3.05 h, p<0.05) were lower in silage treated with 4% molasses than silage without molasses.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Whole crop wheat silage had lower dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and water soluble carbohydrate content than fresh whole crop wheat.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- WCW silage (WCWS)e1
- Outcome
- Dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contente1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- WCWe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is an alternative to corn silage for ruminant feeding in northern China”
e1“Dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content (p<0.01), accumulative gas production in 72 h (GP 72h , 77.46 mL/g vs 95.15 mL/g) and dry matter disappearance in vitro (69.15% vs 76.77%) were lower (p<0.05), while crude protein (CP) content was higher for WCW silage (WCWS) compared to WCW (p<0.01).”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole crop wheat silage had lower accumulative gas production in 72 h (77.46 mL/g vs 95.15 mL/g) than fresh whole crop wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- WCW silage (WCWS)e1
- Outcome
- accumulative gas production in 72 he1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 77.46 mL/g vs 95.15 mL/ge1
- Comparator
- WCWe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is an alternative to corn silage for ruminant feeding in northern China”
e1“Dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content (p<0.01), accumulative gas production in 72 h (GP 72h , 77.46 mL/g vs 95.15 mL/g) and dry matter disappearance in vitro (69.15% vs 76.77%) were lower (p<0.05), while crude protein (CP) content was higher for WCW silage (WCWS) compared to WCW (p<0.01).”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole crop wheat silage had lower in vitro dry matter disappearance (69.15% vs 76.77%) than fresh whole crop wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- WCW silage (WCWS)e1
- Outcome
- dry matter disappearance in vitroe1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 69.15% vs 76.77%e1
- Comparator
- WCWe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is an alternative to corn silage for ruminant feeding in northern China”
e1“Dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content (p<0.01), accumulative gas production in 72 h (GP 72h , 77.46 mL/g vs 95.15 mL/g) and dry matter disappearance in vitro (69.15% vs 76.77%) were lower (p<0.05), while crude protein (CP) content was higher for WCW silage (WCWS) compared to WCW (p<0.01).”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole crop wheat silage had higher crude protein content than fresh whole crop wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- WCW silage (WCWS)e1
- Outcome
- crude protein (CP) contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- WCWe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is an alternative to corn silage for ruminant feeding in northern China”
e1“Dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content (p<0.01), accumulative gas production in 72 h (GP 72h , 77.46 mL/g vs 95.15 mL/g) and dry matter disappearance in vitro (69.15% vs 76.77%) were lower (p<0.05), while crude protein (CP) content was higher for WCW silage (WCWS) compared to WCW (p<0.01).”
Claim · model-written summary
Propionic acid concentration in silage from morning-harvested whole crop wheat was 1.47%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- propionic acide2
- Value
- 1.47%e2
- Qualifier
- WCWS from Mo WCWe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is an alternative to corn silage for ruminant feeding in northern China”
e2“The propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations in WCWS from Mo WCW were 1.47% and 0.26%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Butyric acid concentration in silage from morning-harvested whole crop wheat was 0.26%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- butyric acide2
- Value
- 0.26%e2
- Qualifier
- WCWS from Mo WCWe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is an alternative to corn silage for ruminant feeding in northern China”
e2“The propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations in WCWS from Mo WCW were 1.47% and 0.26%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Propionic and butyric acid concentrations were negligible in the silage.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- propionic and butyric acid concentrationse3
- Qualifier
- negligiblee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is an alternative to corn silage for ruminant feeding in northern China”
e3“However, the propionic and butyric acid concentrations were negligible, while the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (NH 3 -N/TN, p<0.01) concentration was lower and the rate of gas production at 50% of the maximum (17.05 mL/h vs 13.94 mL/h, p<0.05) was higher for Af WCWS compared to Mo WCWS”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen was lower in afternoon-harvested silage than in morning-harvested silage.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Af WCWSe3
- Outcome
- ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogene3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Comparator
- Mo WCWSe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is an alternative to corn silage for ruminant feeding in northern China”
e3“However, the propionic and butyric acid concentrations were negligible, while the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (NH 3 -N/TN, p<0.01) concentration was lower and the rate of gas production at 50% of the maximum (17.05 mL/h vs 13.94 mL/h, p<0.05) was higher for Af WCWS compared to Mo WCWS”
Claim · model-written summary
Rate of gas production at 50% of the maximum was higher in afternoon-harvested silage (17.05 mL/h vs 13.94 mL/h) than in morning-harvested silage.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Af WCWSe3
- Outcome
- rate of gas production at 50% of the maximume3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 17.05 mL/h vs 13.94 mL/he3
- Comparator
- Mo WCWSe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is an alternative to corn silage for ruminant feeding in northern China”
e3“However, the propionic and butyric acid concentrations were negligible, while the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (NH 3 -N/TN, p<0.01) concentration was lower and the rate of gas production at 50% of the maximum (17.05 mL/h vs 13.94 mL/h, p<0.05) was higher for Af WCWS compared to Mo WCWS”
Claim · model-written summary
Incubation fluid NH3-N concentration was lower in silage and afternoon-harvested whole crop wheat than in morning-harvested whole crop wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- WCWS and Af WCWe4
- Outcome
- NH 3 -N concentratione4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- Mo WCWe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is an alternative to corn silage for ruminant feeding in northern China”
e4“The incubation fluid's NH 3 -N concentration was lower in WCWS and Af WCW compared to Mo WCW (p<0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein and water soluble carbohydrate content increased with increasing molasses levels in whole crop wheat silage.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing molasses levelse5
- Outcome
- CP and WSC contente5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is an alternative to corn silage for ruminant feeding in northern China”
e5“The CP and WSC content increased with increasing molasses levels (p<0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silage treated with 4% molasses had lower pH than silage without molasses.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 4% molassese6
- Outcome
- pHe6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Comparator
- silage without molassese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is an alternative to corn silage for ruminant feeding in northern China”
e6“the pH (p<0.01) and time when gas production was 50% of the maximum (2.78 h vs 3.05 h, p<0.05) were lower in silage treated with 4% molasses than silage without molasses”
Claim · model-written summary
Time when gas production reached 50% of the maximum was lower in silage treated with 4% molasses (2.78 h vs 3.05 h).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 4% molassese6
- Outcome
- time when gas production was 50% of the maximume6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Value
- 2.78 h vs 3.05 he6
- Comparator
- silage without molassese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is an alternative to corn silage for ruminant feeding in northern China”
e6“the pH (p<0.01) and time when gas production was 50% of the maximum (2.78 h vs 3.05 h, p<0.05) were lower in silage treated with 4% molasses than silage without molasses”
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