Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is recognized as one of the most toxic elements to plants and humans when available in higher concentrations. In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables. The study found significant differences (P < 0.05) in all growth parameters in the studied vegetables. The Cd treatments resulted in decreasing number of leaves, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and total dry weight in both vegetables compared to the control. The total dry weight of Chinese cabbage was decreased by 6.79%, 48.42%, 5.88%, and 5.43%, at 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg respectively compared to the control. In pumpkin leaves total dry weight was decreased by 28.95%, 28.95%, 18.42%, and 14.47% at 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg respectively compared to the control. Increase and decrease effects on root length were observed for all the vegetables. Pumpkin leaves showed increased root length at 10 mg/kg (61.39%), 20 mg/kg (17.87%), and 30 mg/kg (70.03%) while at 40 mg/kg, there was a decrease in root length by 20.13% as compared to the control. The root length of Chinese cabbage decreased by 25.05%, 8.4%, and 7.26% at 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg compared to the control except at 10 mg/kg which was found to be higher by 0.6% compared to the control. The Cd treatment in soil resulted in the increase of shoot Cd concentration in all the vegetables with maximum concentration observed at 20 mg/kg. Therefore, agricultural soil with elevated Cd levels will affect pumpkin and Chinese cabbage cultivation but also the consumption of such vegetables may result to toxic effects on human health.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Cd levels decreased total dry weight of Chinese cabbage by 6.79% at 10 mg/kg
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbage
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0 - Treatment
- Cd levelse1
- Outcome
- total dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 6.79%e0
- Qualifier
- at 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg respectivelye0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- pot experimente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total dry weight of Chinese cabbage was decreased by 6.79%, 48.42%, 5.88%, and 5.43%, at 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg respectively compared to the control”
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd levels decreased total dry weight of Chinese cabbage by 48.42% at 20 mg/kg
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Treatment
- Cd levelse1
- Outcome
- total dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 48.42%e0
- Qualifier
- at 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg respectivelye0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- pot experimente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total dry weight of Chinese cabbage was decreased by 6.79%, 48.42%, 5.88%, and 5.43%, at 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg respectively compared to the control”
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd levels decreased total dry weight of Chinese cabbage by 5.88% at 30 mg/kg
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Treatment
- Cd levelse1
- Outcome
- total dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 5.88%e0
- Qualifier
- at 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg respectivelye0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- pot experimente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total dry weight of Chinese cabbage was decreased by 6.79%, 48.42%, 5.88%, and 5.43%, at 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg respectively compared to the control”
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd levels decreased total dry weight of Chinese cabbage by 5.43% at 40 mg/kg
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Treatment
- Cd levelse1
- Outcome
- total dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 5.43%e0
- Qualifier
- at 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg respectivelye0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- pot experimente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total dry weight of Chinese cabbage was decreased by 6.79%, 48.42%, 5.88%, and 5.43%, at 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg respectively compared to the control”
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd levels decreased total dry weight of pumpkin leaves by 28.95% at 10 mg/kg
Verbatim
e4“In pumpkin leaves total dry weight was decreased by 28.95%, 28.95%, 18.42%, and 14.47% at 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg respectively compared to the control”
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd levels decreased total dry weight of pumpkin leaves by 28.95% at 20 mg/kg
Verbatim
e4“In pumpkin leaves total dry weight was decreased by 28.95%, 28.95%, 18.42%, and 14.47% at 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg respectively compared to the control”
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd levels decreased total dry weight of pumpkin leaves by 18.42% at 30 mg/kg
Verbatim
e4“In pumpkin leaves total dry weight was decreased by 28.95%, 28.95%, 18.42%, and 14.47% at 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg respectively compared to the control”
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd levels decreased total dry weight of pumpkin leaves by 14.47% at 40 mg/kg
Verbatim
e4“In pumpkin leaves total dry weight was decreased by 28.95%, 28.95%, 18.42%, and 14.47% at 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg respectively compared to the control”
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd levels increased root length of pumpkin leaves by 61.39% at 10 mg/kg
Verbatim
e5“Pumpkin leaves showed increased root length at 10 mg/kg (61.39%), 20 mg/kg (17.87%), and 30 mg/kg (70.03%) while at 40 mg/kg, there was a decrease in root length by 20.13% as compared to the control”
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd levels increased root length of pumpkin leaves by 17.87% at 20 mg/kg
Verbatim
e5“Pumpkin leaves showed increased root length at 10 mg/kg (61.39%), 20 mg/kg (17.87%), and 30 mg/kg (70.03%) while at 40 mg/kg, there was a decrease in root length by 20.13% as compared to the control”
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd levels increased root length of pumpkin leaves by 70.03% at 30 mg/kg
Verbatim
e5“Pumpkin leaves showed increased root length at 10 mg/kg (61.39%), 20 mg/kg (17.87%), and 30 mg/kg (70.03%) while at 40 mg/kg, there was a decrease in root length by 20.13% as compared to the control”
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd levels decreased root length of pumpkin leaves by 20.13% at 40 mg/kg
Verbatim
e5“Pumpkin leaves showed increased root length at 10 mg/kg (61.39%), 20 mg/kg (17.87%), and 30 mg/kg (70.03%) while at 40 mg/kg, there was a decrease in root length by 20.13% as compared to the control”
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd levels increased root length of Chinese cabbage by 0.6% at 10 mg/kg
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise6
- Treatment
- Cd levelse1
- Outcome
- root lengthe6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 0.6%e6
- Qualifier
- 10 mg/kge6
- Comparator
- controle6
- Setting
- pot experimente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The root length of Chinese cabbage decreased by 25.05%, 8.4%, and 7.26% at 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg compared to the control except at 10 mg/kg which was found to be higher by 0.6% compared to the control”
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd levels decreased root length of Chinese cabbage by 25.05% at 20 mg/kg
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise6
- Treatment
- Cd levelse1
- Outcome
- root lengthe6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 25.05%e6
- Qualifier
- 20 mg/kge6
- Comparator
- controle6
- Setting
- pot experimente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The root length of Chinese cabbage decreased by 25.05%, 8.4%, and 7.26% at 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg compared to the control except at 10 mg/kg which was found to be higher by 0.6% compared to the control”
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd levels decreased root length of Chinese cabbage by 8.4% at 30 mg/kg
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise6
- Treatment
- Cd levelse1
- Outcome
- root lengthe6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 8.4%e6
- Qualifier
- 30 mg/kge6
- Comparator
- controle6
- Setting
- pot experimente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The root length of Chinese cabbage decreased by 25.05%, 8.4%, and 7.26% at 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg compared to the control except at 10 mg/kg which was found to be higher by 0.6% compared to the control”
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd levels decreased root length of Chinese cabbage by 7.26% at 40 mg/kg
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise6
- Treatment
- Cd levelse1
- Outcome
- root lengthe6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 7.26%e6
- Qualifier
- 40 mg/kge6
- Comparator
- controle6
- Setting
- pot experimente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The root length of Chinese cabbage decreased by 25.05%, 8.4%, and 7.26% at 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg compared to the control except at 10 mg/kg which was found to be higher by 0.6% compared to the control”
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd treatment in soil increased shoot Cd concentration in all vegetables, with the maximum at 20 mg/kg
- Taxon
- vegetablese7
- Treatment
- Cd treatment in soile7
- Outcome
- shoot Cd concentratione7
- Direction
- increasee7
- Qualifier
- maximum concentration observed at 20 mg/kge7
- Setting
- pot experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e7“The Cd treatment in soil resulted in the increase of shoot Cd concentration in all the vegetables with maximum concentration observed at 20 mg/kg”
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated soil Cd levels will affect pumpkin and Chinese cabbage cultivation, and consumption of such vegetables may cause toxic effects on human health
- Taxon
- pumpkin and Chinese cabbagee7
- Treatment
- elevated Cd levelse7
- Outcome
- cultivatione7
- Qualifier
- may result to toxic effects on human healthe7
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e7“agricultural soil with elevated Cd levels will affect pumpkin and Chinese cabbage cultivation but also the consumption of such vegetables may result to toxic effects on human health”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd treatments decreased number of leaves, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight of Chinese cabbage compared to the control
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- Cd treatmentse2
- Outcome
- number of leaves, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weighte2
- Direction
- decreasinge2
- Comparator
- controle2
- Setting
- pot experimente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
e2“The Cd treatments resulted in decreasing number of leaves, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and total dry weight in both vegetables compared to the control”
e3“The study found significant differences (P < 0.05) in all growth parameters in the studied vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd treatments decreased number of leaves, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight of pumpkin leaves compared to the control
Verbatim
e1“In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different Cd levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) on the growth, production, and uptake of Cd using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) vegetables”
e2“The Cd treatments resulted in decreasing number of leaves, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and total dry weight in both vegetables compared to the control”
e3“The study found significant differences (P < 0.05) in all growth parameters in the studied vegetables”
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