Abstract
Despite being the third most-consumed crop, maize (Zea mays L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress. The predominant secondary metabolite in plants is phenolic acids, which scavenge reactive oxygen species to minimize oxidative stress under drought stress. Herein, the effect of carbon nanodots (CND) and manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles (NP) on the drought stress tolerance of maize has been studied. The experimental results revealed that the highest leaf blade length (54.0 cm) and width (3.9 cm), root length (45.2 cm), stem diameter (11.1 mm), root fresh weight (7.0 g), leaf relative water content (84.8%) and chlorogenic (8.7 µg/mL), caffeic (3.0 µg/mL) and syringic acid (1.0 µg/mL) contents were demonstrated by CND-treated (10 mg L−1) inbred lines (GP5, HW19, HCW2, 17YS6032, HCW3, HCW4, HW7, HCW2, and 16S8068-9, respectively). However, the highest shoot length (71.5 cm), leaf moisture content (83.9%), shoot fresh weight (12.5 g), chlorophyll content (47.3), and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (34.1%) were observed in MnFe2O4 NP-treated (300 mg L−1) HF12, HW15, 11BS8016-7, HW15, HW12, and KW7 lines, respectively. The results indicate that CND and MnFe2O4 NP can mitigate drought stress effects on different accessions of the given population, as corroborated by improvements in growth and physio-biochemical traits among several inbred lines of maize.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
leaf blade length of maize inbred line GP5 was highest in CND-treated plants (54.0 cm).
- Material
- GP5e1
- Treatment
- CND-treated (10 mg L−1)e1
- Outcome
- leaf blade lengthe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 54.0 cme1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress”
e1“The experimental results revealed that the highest leaf blade length (54.0 cm) and width (3.9 cm), root length (45.2 cm), stem diameter (11.1 mm), root fresh weight (7.0 g), leaf relative water content (84.8%) and chlorogenic (8.7 µg/mL), caffeic (3.0 µg/mL) and syringic acid (1.0 µg/mL) contents were demonstrated by CND-treated (10 mg L−1) inbred lines (GP5, HW19, HCW2, 17YS6032, HCW3, HCW4, HW7, HCW2, and 16S8068-9, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
width of maize inbred line HW19 was highest in CND-treated plants (3.9 cm).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress”
e1“The experimental results revealed that the highest leaf blade length (54.0 cm) and width (3.9 cm), root length (45.2 cm), stem diameter (11.1 mm), root fresh weight (7.0 g), leaf relative water content (84.8%) and chlorogenic (8.7 µg/mL), caffeic (3.0 µg/mL) and syringic acid (1.0 µg/mL) contents were demonstrated by CND-treated (10 mg L−1) inbred lines (GP5, HW19, HCW2, 17YS6032, HCW3, HCW4, HW7, HCW2, and 16S8068-9, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
root length of maize inbred line HCW2 was highest in CND-treated plants (45.2 cm).
- Material
- HCW2e1
- Treatment
- CND-treated (10 mg L−1)e1
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 45.2 cme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress”
e1“The experimental results revealed that the highest leaf blade length (54.0 cm) and width (3.9 cm), root length (45.2 cm), stem diameter (11.1 mm), root fresh weight (7.0 g), leaf relative water content (84.8%) and chlorogenic (8.7 µg/mL), caffeic (3.0 µg/mL) and syringic acid (1.0 µg/mL) contents were demonstrated by CND-treated (10 mg L−1) inbred lines (GP5, HW19, HCW2, 17YS6032, HCW3, HCW4, HW7, HCW2, and 16S8068-9, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
stem diameter of maize inbred line 17YS6032 was highest in CND-treated plants (11.1 mm).
- Material
- 17YS6032e1
- Treatment
- CND-treated (10 mg L−1)e1
- Outcome
- stem diametere1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 11.1 mme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress”
e1“The experimental results revealed that the highest leaf blade length (54.0 cm) and width (3.9 cm), root length (45.2 cm), stem diameter (11.1 mm), root fresh weight (7.0 g), leaf relative water content (84.8%) and chlorogenic (8.7 µg/mL), caffeic (3.0 µg/mL) and syringic acid (1.0 µg/mL) contents were demonstrated by CND-treated (10 mg L−1) inbred lines (GP5, HW19, HCW2, 17YS6032, HCW3, HCW4, HW7, HCW2, and 16S8068-9, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
root fresh weight of maize inbred line HCW3 was highest in CND-treated plants (7.0 g).
- Material
- HCW3e1
- Treatment
- CND-treated (10 mg L−1)e1
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 7.0 ge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress”
e1“The experimental results revealed that the highest leaf blade length (54.0 cm) and width (3.9 cm), root length (45.2 cm), stem diameter (11.1 mm), root fresh weight (7.0 g), leaf relative water content (84.8%) and chlorogenic (8.7 µg/mL), caffeic (3.0 µg/mL) and syringic acid (1.0 µg/mL) contents were demonstrated by CND-treated (10 mg L−1) inbred lines (GP5, HW19, HCW2, 17YS6032, HCW3, HCW4, HW7, HCW2, and 16S8068-9, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
leaf relative water content of maize inbred line HCW4 was highest in CND-treated plants (84.8%).
- Material
- HCW4e1
- Treatment
- CND-treated (10 mg L−1)e1
- Outcome
- leaf relative water contente1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 84.8%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress”
e1“The experimental results revealed that the highest leaf blade length (54.0 cm) and width (3.9 cm), root length (45.2 cm), stem diameter (11.1 mm), root fresh weight (7.0 g), leaf relative water content (84.8%) and chlorogenic (8.7 µg/mL), caffeic (3.0 µg/mL) and syringic acid (1.0 µg/mL) contents were demonstrated by CND-treated (10 mg L−1) inbred lines (GP5, HW19, HCW2, 17YS6032, HCW3, HCW4, HW7, HCW2, and 16S8068-9, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
chlorogenic of maize inbred line HW7 was highest in CND-treated plants (8.7 µg/mL).
- Material
- HW7e1
- Treatment
- CND-treated (10 mg L−1)e1
- Outcome
- chlorogenice1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 8.7 µg/mLe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress”
e1“The experimental results revealed that the highest leaf blade length (54.0 cm) and width (3.9 cm), root length (45.2 cm), stem diameter (11.1 mm), root fresh weight (7.0 g), leaf relative water content (84.8%) and chlorogenic (8.7 µg/mL), caffeic (3.0 µg/mL) and syringic acid (1.0 µg/mL) contents were demonstrated by CND-treated (10 mg L−1) inbred lines (GP5, HW19, HCW2, 17YS6032, HCW3, HCW4, HW7, HCW2, and 16S8068-9, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
caffeic of maize inbred line HCW2 was highest in CND-treated plants (3.0 µg/mL).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress”
e1“The experimental results revealed that the highest leaf blade length (54.0 cm) and width (3.9 cm), root length (45.2 cm), stem diameter (11.1 mm), root fresh weight (7.0 g), leaf relative water content (84.8%) and chlorogenic (8.7 µg/mL), caffeic (3.0 µg/mL) and syringic acid (1.0 µg/mL) contents were demonstrated by CND-treated (10 mg L−1) inbred lines (GP5, HW19, HCW2, 17YS6032, HCW3, HCW4, HW7, HCW2, and 16S8068-9, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
syringic acid of maize inbred line 16S8068-9 was highest in CND-treated plants (1.0 µg/mL).
- Material
- 16S8068-9e1
- Treatment
- CND-treated (10 mg L−1)e1
- Outcome
- syringic acide1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 1.0 µg/mLe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress”
e1“The experimental results revealed that the highest leaf blade length (54.0 cm) and width (3.9 cm), root length (45.2 cm), stem diameter (11.1 mm), root fresh weight (7.0 g), leaf relative water content (84.8%) and chlorogenic (8.7 µg/mL), caffeic (3.0 µg/mL) and syringic acid (1.0 µg/mL) contents were demonstrated by CND-treated (10 mg L−1) inbred lines (GP5, HW19, HCW2, 17YS6032, HCW3, HCW4, HW7, HCW2, and 16S8068-9, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
shoot length was highest in MnFe2O4 NP-treated maize inbred lines (71.5 cm).
Not reportedMaterialComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress”
e2“However, the highest shoot length (71.5 cm), leaf moisture content (83.9%), shoot fresh weight (12.5 g), chlorophyll content (47.3), and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (34.1%) were observed in MnFe2O4 NP-treated (300 mg L−1) HF12, HW15, 11BS8016-7, HW15, HW12, and KW7 lines, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
leaf moisture content was highest in MnFe2O4 NP-treated maize inbred lines (83.9%).
- Treatment
- MnFe2O4 NP-treated (300 mg L−1)e2
- Outcome
- leaf moisture contente2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 83.9%e2
Not reportedMaterialComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress”
e2“However, the highest shoot length (71.5 cm), leaf moisture content (83.9%), shoot fresh weight (12.5 g), chlorophyll content (47.3), and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (34.1%) were observed in MnFe2O4 NP-treated (300 mg L−1) HF12, HW15, 11BS8016-7, HW15, HW12, and KW7 lines, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
shoot fresh weight was highest in MnFe2O4 NP-treated maize inbred lines (12.5 g).
- Treatment
- MnFe2O4 NP-treated (300 mg L−1)e2
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 12.5 ge2
Not reportedMaterialComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress”
e2“However, the highest shoot length (71.5 cm), leaf moisture content (83.9%), shoot fresh weight (12.5 g), chlorophyll content (47.3), and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (34.1%) were observed in MnFe2O4 NP-treated (300 mg L−1) HF12, HW15, 11BS8016-7, HW15, HW12, and KW7 lines, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
chlorophyll content was highest in MnFe2O4 NP-treated maize inbred lines (47.3).
Not reportedMaterialComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress”
e2“However, the highest shoot length (71.5 cm), leaf moisture content (83.9%), shoot fresh weight (12.5 g), chlorophyll content (47.3), and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (34.1%) were observed in MnFe2O4 NP-treated (300 mg L−1) HF12, HW15, 11BS8016-7, HW15, HW12, and KW7 lines, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
DPPH free radical scavenging activity was highest in MnFe2O4 NP-treated maize inbred lines (34.1%).
- Treatment
- MnFe2O4 NP-treated (300 mg L−1)e2
- Outcome
- DPPH free radical scavenging activitye2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 34.1%e2
Not reportedMaterialComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress”
e2“However, the highest shoot length (71.5 cm), leaf moisture content (83.9%), shoot fresh weight (12.5 g), chlorophyll content (47.3), and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (34.1%) were observed in MnFe2O4 NP-treated (300 mg L−1) HF12, HW15, 11BS8016-7, HW15, HW12, and KW7 lines, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
CND and MnFe2O4 nanoparticles are stated to mitigate drought stress effects across maize accessions.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress”
e3“The results indicate that CND and MnFe2O4 NP can mitigate drought stress effects on different accessions of the given population”
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