Abstract
• Study of the scientific insights into the relationship between cadmium exposure and maize physiology, biochemistry, and accumulation of the heavy metals . • Impacts of high cadmium concentrations on maize growth and yield. • Study of the stress related metabolites like IAA, salicylic acid, proteins, lipid, and sugar contents. Food security is critical for survival but increasing heavy metal particularly cadmium concentration in the environment due to human activity poses a threat to both plants and animals. The experiment was designed to investigate the potential impact of varying concentrations of cadmium on the growth, metabolites, and accumulation of cadmium in the edible portion of maize. The objective was to gain scientific insights into the relationship between cadmium exposure and maize physiology, biochemistry, and accumulation of the heavy metal. Significant reduction was recorded in the agronomic attributes including root shoot length, fresh and dry weight and chlorophyll contents of the maize ( p < 0.05). Higher level of cadmium imposes destruction of the antioxidant defense system of the host indicated by the lower catalases activity (92% reduction). Along with this, growth and stress related metabolites like IAA, salicylic acid, proteins, lipid and sugar contents decreased approximately by 50% at the lowest concentration while reaching 70 to 77% at the highest concentration of cadmium. Interestingly, plants exposed to cadmium for 60-days duration approximately 20 to 25 mg/kg of cadmium was accumulated in plants parts of which most of the cadmium (50% or higher) were translocated to the shoot of the host plants. This data also showed that the maximum concentration of cadmium is accumulated in the stem, followed by the leaf, and then the seed. The concentration of cadmium in seeds varies from 2 to 4 mg/kg, which is a highly prohibited amount of cadmium in food for human consumption.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium significantly reduced maize root and shoot length and fresh and dry weight.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant reduction was recorded in the agronomic attributes including root shoot length, fresh and dry weight and chlorophyll contents of the maize ( p < 0.05).”
t0“cadmium”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium significantly reduced maize chlorophyll contents.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant reduction was recorded in the agronomic attributes including root shoot length, fresh and dry weight and chlorophyll contents of the maize ( p < 0.05).”
t0“cadmium”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher cadmium reduced catalase activity by 92%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher level of cadmium imposes destruction of the antioxidant defense system of the host indicated by the lower catalases activity (92% reduction).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
At the lowest cadmium concentration, IAA, salicylic acid, proteins, lipids and sugars decreased about 50%.
- Treatment
- lowest concentratione0
- Outcome
- IAA, salicylic acid, proteins, lipid and sugar contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and stress related metabolites like IAA, salicylic acid, proteins, lipid and sugar contents decreased approximately by 50% at the lowest concentration while reaching 70 to 77% at the highest concentration of cadmium.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
At the highest cadmium concentration, those metabolite contents fell by 70 to 77%.
- Treatment
- highest concentration of cadmiume0
- Outcome
- IAA, salicylic acid, proteins, lipid and sugar contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 70 to 77%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and stress related metabolites like IAA, salicylic acid, proteins, lipid and sugar contents decreased approximately by 50% at the lowest concentration while reaching 70 to 77% at the highest concentration of cadmium.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
After 60 days, maize parts accumulated approximately 20 to 25 mg/kg cadmium.
- Treatment
- cadmiume0
- Outcome
- cadmium was accumulated in plants partse0
- Value
- 20 to 25 mg/kge0
- Qualifier
- 60-days duratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants exposed to cadmium for 60-days duration approximately 20 to 25 mg/kg of cadmium was accumulated in plants parts”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
At least 50% of accumulated cadmium was translocated to shoots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most of the cadmium (50% or higher) were translocated to the shoot of the host plants.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium accumulation was greatest in stems, then leaves, then seeds.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum concentration of cadmium is accumulated in the stem, followed by the leaf, and then the seed.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize seed cadmium concentration ranged from 2 to 4 mg/kg.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of cadmium in seeds varies from 2 to 4 mg/kg”
t0“maize”
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