Abstract
BACKGROUND: The increased frequency of heavy rains in recent years has led to submergence stress in rice paddies, severely affecting rice production. Submergence causes not only hypoxic stress from excess water in the surrounding environment but also osmotic stress in plant cells. We assessed physiological responses and Ethylene-Response AP2/ERF Factor regulation under submergence conditions alone and with ionic or nonionic osmotic stress in submergence-sensitive IR64 and submergence-tolerant IR64-Sub1 Indica rice cultivars. RESULTS: Our results indicate that both IR64 and IR64-Sub1 exhibited shorter plant heights and root lengths under submergence with nonionic osmotic stress than normal condition and submergence alone. IR64-Sub1 seedlings exhibited a significantly lower plant height under submergence conditions alone and with ionic or nonionic osmotic stress than IR64 cultivars. IR64-Sub1 seedlings also presented lower malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and higher survival rates than did IR64 seedlings after submergence with ionic or nonionic osmotic stress treatment. Sub1A-1 affects reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity in rice. The results also show that hypoxia-inducible ethylene response factors (ERF)-VII group and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1) and lactate dehydrogenase 1 (LDH1) genes exhibited different expression levels under nonionic or ionic osmotic stress during submergence on rice. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these results demonstrate that complex regulatory mechanisms are involved in responses to the aforementioned forms of stress and offer new insights into the effects of submergence and osmotic stress on rice.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
IR64 had shorter height and roots under submergence with nonionic osmotic stress than normal conditions or submergence alone.
- Taxon
- Indica rice
Oryza sativa Indica Groupt0 - Material
- IR64e0
- Treatment
- submergence with nonionic osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- plant heights and root lengthse0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Comparator
- normal condition and submergence alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results indicate that both IR64 and IR64-Sub1 exhibited shorter plant heights and root lengths under submergence with nonionic osmotic stress than normal condition and submergence alone.”
t0“Indica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IR64-Sub1 had shorter height and roots under submergence with nonionic osmotic stress than normal conditions or submergence alone.
- Taxon
- Indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupt0
- Material
- IR64-Sub1e0
- Treatment
- submergence with nonionic osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- plant heights and root lengthse0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Comparator
- normal condition and submergence alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results indicate that both IR64 and IR64-Sub1 exhibited shorter plant heights and root lengths under submergence with nonionic osmotic stress than normal condition and submergence alone.”
t0“Indica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IR64-Sub1 height was significantly lower than IR64 under submergence alone.
- Taxon
- Indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupt0
- Material
- IR64-Sub1e0
- Treatment
- submergence conditions alonee0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- IR64 cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IR64-Sub1 seedlings exhibited a significantly lower plant height under submergence conditions alone and with ionic or nonionic osmotic stress than IR64 cultivars.”
t0“Indica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IR64-Sub1 height was significantly lower than IR64 under submergence with ionic osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- Indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupt0
- Material
- IR64-Sub1e0
- Treatment
- ionice0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- IR64 cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IR64-Sub1 seedlings exhibited a significantly lower plant height under submergence conditions alone and with ionic or nonionic osmotic stress than IR64 cultivars.”
t0“Indica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IR64-Sub1 height was significantly lower than IR64 under submergence with nonionic osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- Indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupt0
- Material
- IR64-Sub1e0
- Treatment
- nonionic osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- IR64 cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IR64-Sub1 seedlings exhibited a significantly lower plant height under submergence conditions alone and with ionic or nonionic osmotic stress than IR64 cultivars.”
t0“Indica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IR64-Sub1 had lower MDA concentration than IR64 after submergence with ionic osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- Indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupt0
- Material
- IR64-Sub1e0
- Treatment
- ionice0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- IR64 seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IR64-Sub1 seedlings also presented lower malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and higher survival rates than did IR64 seedlings after submergence with ionic or nonionic osmotic stress treatment.”
t0“Indica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IR64-Sub1 had lower MDA concentration than IR64 after submergence with nonionic osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- Indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupt0
- Material
- IR64-Sub1e0
- Treatment
- nonionic osmotic stress treatmente0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- IR64 seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IR64-Sub1 seedlings also presented lower malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and higher survival rates than did IR64 seedlings after submergence with ionic or nonionic osmotic stress treatment.”
t0“Indica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IR64-Sub1 had higher survival than IR64 after submergence with ionic osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- Indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupt0
- Material
- IR64-Sub1e0
- Treatment
- ionice0
- Outcome
- survival ratese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- IR64 seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IR64-Sub1 seedlings also presented lower malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and higher survival rates than did IR64 seedlings after submergence with ionic or nonionic osmotic stress treatment.”
t0“Indica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IR64-Sub1 had higher survival than IR64 after submergence with nonionic osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- Indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupt0
- Material
- IR64-Sub1e0
- Treatment
- nonionic osmotic stress treatmente0
- Outcome
- survival ratese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- IR64 seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IR64-Sub1 seedlings also presented lower malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and higher survival rates than did IR64 seedlings after submergence with ionic or nonionic osmotic stress treatment.”
t0“Indica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sub1A-1 affects rice ROS accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Gene
- Sub1A-1e0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sub1A-1 affects reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity in rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
ERF-VII, ADH1 and LDH1 showed different expression under nonionic osmotic stress during rice submergence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nonionice0
- Gene
- hypoxia-inducible ethylene response factors (ERF)-VII group and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1) and lactate dehydrogenase 1 (LDH1)e0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results also show that hypoxia-inducible ethylene response factors (ERF)-VII group and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1) and lactate dehydrogenase 1 (LDH1) genes exhibited different expression levels under nonionic or ionic osmotic stress during submergence on rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
ERF-VII, ADH1 and LDH1 showed different expression under ionic osmotic stress during rice submergence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ionic osmotic stresse0
- Gene
- hypoxia-inducible ethylene response factors (ERF)-VII group and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1) and lactate dehydrogenase 1 (LDH1)e0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results also show that hypoxia-inducible ethylene response factors (ERF)-VII group and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1) and lactate dehydrogenase 1 (LDH1) genes exhibited different expression levels under nonionic or ionic osmotic stress during submergence on rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude rice stress responses involve complex regulatory mechanisms.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- responses to the aforementioned forms of stresse0
- Qualifier
- complex regulatory mechanismse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Together, these results demonstrate that complex regulatory mechanisms are involved in responses to the aforementioned forms of stress and offer new insights into the effects of submergence and osmotic stress on rice.”
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