Abstract
To counteract the effects of drought stress, scientists have adopted several approaches including the use of different chemicals both inorganic and organic, which is contemplated as a highly efficient and cost-effective shot-gun approach. Ascorbic acid (AsA) is a potential organic substance, which widely occurs in plants, and is considered to be an effective antioxidant to counteract reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, a pot experiment was performed to assess the relative mitigating impacts of synthetic AsA and naturally occurring AsA in the form of lemon juice (LJ) and orange juice (OJ) on two cultivars of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) namely Sabz Pari and Bhindi Sanwali under varying water deficit conditions. After 30 days of seed germination, okra seedlings were subjected to different irrigation regimes, i.e., water deficit stress [(65% and 50% F.C.) and control conditions (100% F.C.)]. Different levels of AsA [control (no spray), 14 mg L−1 LJ, 24 mg L−1 OJ and 150 mg L−1 AsA] obtained from different sources were applied as a foliar spray to control and water-stressed plants. Drought stress prominently reduced plant growth and yield attributes of the okra cultivars. Water-deficit conditions (65% and 50% F.C.) substantially decreased the fruit chlorophyll (a, b) pigments and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme, while an increase was observed in the contents of fruit’s hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolics, total soluble sugars, AsA, and total soluble proteins. Drought stress also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT). However, plant growth and yield attributes, fruit chlorophyll pigments, total phenolics, total soluble sugars, total free amino acids, total soluble proteins, AsA, GB, H2O2, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (POD and CAT) were increased by the AsA exogenous treatment in both okra cultivars under water deficit and control conditions. Overall, LJ and OJ were more effective than the synthetic AsA in upregulating the physiological and metabolic processes of okra plants. So, cost-effective as well as multi-nutrient natural sources of AsA could be suggested for alleviating the harmful effects of water deficit stress on plants.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced okra growth and yield attributes.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse0 - Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- plant growth and yield attributese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress prominently reduced plant growth and yield attributes of the okra cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit decreased okra fruit chlorophyll a and b and superoxide dismutase activity.
- Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Treatment
- Water-deficit conditions (65% and 50% F.C.)e0
- Outcome
- fruit chlorophyll (a, b) pigments and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Water-deficit conditions (65% and 50% F.C.) substantially decreased the fruit chlorophyll (a, b) pigments and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased okra fruit hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and total phenolics.
- Outcome
- fruit’s hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolicse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“an increase was observed in the contents of fruit’s hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolics, total soluble sugars, AsA, and total soluble proteins.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased okra fruit soluble sugars, ascorbic acid and soluble proteins.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“an increase was observed in the contents of fruit’s hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolics, total soluble sugars, AsA, and total soluble proteins.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased okra peroxidase and catalase activity.
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT).”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ascorbic acid increased okra growth and yield under water deficit and control conditions.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- AsA exogenous treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant growth and yield attributese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under water deficit and control conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant growth and yield attributes, fruit chlorophyll pigments, total phenolics, total soluble sugars, total free amino acids, total soluble proteins, AsA, GB, H2O2, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (POD and CAT) were increased by the AsA exogenous treatment in both okra cultivars under water deficit and control conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ascorbic acid increased okra fruit chlorophyll, phenolics and soluble sugars.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- AsA exogenous treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit chlorophyll pigments, total phenolics, total soluble sugarse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant growth and yield attributes, fruit chlorophyll pigments, total phenolics, total soluble sugars, total free amino acids, total soluble proteins, AsA, GB, H2O2, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (POD and CAT) were increased by the AsA exogenous treatment in both okra cultivars under water deficit and control conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ascorbic acid increased okra fruit free amino acids, soluble proteins and ascorbic acid.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- AsA exogenous treatmente0
- Outcome
- total free amino acids, total soluble proteins, AsAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant growth and yield attributes, fruit chlorophyll pigments, total phenolics, total soluble sugars, total free amino acids, total soluble proteins, AsA, GB, H2O2, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (POD and CAT) were increased by the AsA exogenous treatment in both okra cultivars under water deficit and control conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ascorbic acid increased okra fruit GB, hydrogen peroxide and POD and CAT activities.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- AsA exogenous treatmente0
- Outcome
- GB, H2O2, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (POD and CAT)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant growth and yield attributes, fruit chlorophyll pigments, total phenolics, total soluble sugars, total free amino acids, total soluble proteins, AsA, GB, H2O2, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (POD and CAT) were increased by the AsA exogenous treatment in both okra cultivars under water deficit and control conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lemon and orange juices were more effective than synthetic ascorbic acid in upregulating okra physiological and metabolic processes.
- Taxon
- okra plantsAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- LJ and OJe0
- Outcome
- physiological and metabolic processese0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- synthetic AsAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LJ and OJ were more effective than the synthetic AsA in upregulating the physiological and metabolic processes of okra plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest natural ascorbic acid sources to alleviate harmful water deficit effects.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- natural sources of AsAe0
- Outcome
- alleviating the harmful effects of water deficit stresse0
Verbatim
e0“cost-effective as well as multi-nutrient natural sources of AsA could be suggested for alleviating the harmful effects of water deficit stress on plants.”
The same questions in other papers
L-ascorbic acid · yield · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
drought · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
drought · yield · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.