Abstract
It is well known that some plants have the capability of taking up sulfur as a nutrient from the atmosphere through foliar absorption and can survive well in polluted environments. In order to observe the effects of the relationship between atmospheric hydrogen sulfide (H2S) deposition and soil sulfur nutrition, the current study used Brassica pekinensis as a model plant. The objective in conducting this study was to understand the regulatory mechanisms engaged in the uptake and assimilation of sulfate (SO42−) in plants by studying the modulation of transcription levels of sulfate transporter genes (STGs) (Sultr1;1 and Sultr1;2), changes in growth physiology, and the potential of roots to uptake the SO42− when allowed to grow in the presence or absence of SO42− in a hydroponic nutrient solution. Changes in growth, physico-chemical parameters, and gene expression levels of Group 1 STGs were observed when sulfur-treated and non-treated plants were exposed to phytotoxic H2S levels in the air. Sulfur deficiency enhanced nitrate and free amino acid (FAA) concentrations in the shoot and root regions of the plant. However, there was a significant decrease in the biomass, shoot/root ratio (SRR), chlorophyll content, and thiol content, with p-values < 0.01. This, in turn, increased the sulfur-uptake capacity of plants from the atmosphere through foliar absorption. When the sulfur-uptake capacity of plants increased, there was an increase in the expression level of Group 1 sulfate transporter genes (Sultr1;1 and Sultr1;2), which regulate sulfur transportation through roots. The growth, physico-chemical characteristics, and level of gene expression of Group 1 STGs were unaffected by the availability of excess sulfur in the atmosphere of up to 0.3 μL l−1.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur deficiency increased nitrate and free amino acid concentrations in shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- Brassica pekinensis
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0 - Organ / stage
- shoot and root regionse0
- Treatment
- Sulfur deficiencye0
- Outcome
- nitrate and free amino acid (FAA) concentrationse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfur deficiency enhanced nitrate and free amino acid (FAA) concentrations in the shoot and root regions of the plant.”
t0“Brassica pekinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur deficiency significantly decreased biomass and shoot/root ratio.
- Taxon
- Brassica pekinensisBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- Sulfur deficiencye1
- Outcome
- biomass, shoot/root ratio (SRR)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- p-values < 0.01e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, there was a significant decrease in the biomass, shoot/root ratio (SRR), chlorophyll content, and thiol content, with p-values < 0.01.”
t0“Brassica pekinensis”
e1“Sulfur deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur deficiency significantly decreased chlorophyll and thiol content.
- Taxon
- Brassica pekinensisBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- Sulfur deficiencye1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content, and thiol contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- p-values < 0.01e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, there was a significant decrease in the biomass, shoot/root ratio (SRR), chlorophyll content, and thiol content, with p-values < 0.01.”
t0“Brassica pekinensis”
e1“Sulfur deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur deficiency increased atmospheric sulfur uptake by foliar absorption.
- Taxon
- Brassica pekinensisBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Organ / stage
- foliare0
- Treatment
- Sulfur deficiencye1
- Outcome
- sulfur-uptake capacitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This, in turn, increased the sulfur-uptake capacity of plants from the atmosphere through foliar absorption.”
t0“Brassica pekinensis”
e1“Sulfur deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased sulfur uptake coincided with increased expression of Sultr1;1 and Sultr1;2.
- Taxon
- Brassica pekinensisBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Gene
- Sultr1;1 and Sultr1;2e0
- Outcome
- expression level of Group 1 sulfate transporter genese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- sulfur-uptake capacity of plants increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the sulfur-uptake capacity of plants increased, there was an increase in the expression level of Group 1 sulfate transporter genes (Sultr1;1 and Sultr1;2), which regulate sulfur transportation through roots.”
t0“Brassica pekinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Atmospheric sulfur up to 0.3 μL l−1 did not affect growth, physicochemical traits or Group 1 STG expression.
- Taxon
- Brassica pekinensisBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- excess sulfur in the atmosphere of up to 0.3 μL l−1e0
- Gene
- Group 1 STGse0
- Outcome
- growth, physico-chemical characteristics, and level of gene expression of Group 1 STGse0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth, physico-chemical characteristics, and level of gene expression of Group 1 STGs were unaffected by the availability of excess sulfur in the atmosphere of up to 0.3 μL l−1.”
t0“Brassica pekinensis”
The same questions in other papers
sulfur atom · molecular: metabolites · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
sulfur atom · physiology: pigments · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- positive
- positive
sulfur atom · growth · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.