Abstract
A series of hydroponics experiments were performed to investigate effects of sulfur on ascorbate(AsA)-glutathione(GSH)cycle and the content of phytochelatins(PCs)in pakcho(iBrassica chinensis L.)leaves under cadmium(Cd)stress. The results showed that application of moderate level of sulfur decreased the contents of peroxide(H 2 O 2)and malondialdehyde(MDA), but increased key enzyme activities and antioxidant content of AsA-GSH cycle in pakchoi leaves. Under low Cd stress(5 μmol·L -1), the content of H 2 O 2 were significantly decreased and the content of MDA fell first then rose with increasing concentration of sulfur, while PCs content and the activity of glu-tathione reductase(GR)were raised. Along with the increase of the sulfur concentration, other key enzymes activities, such as ascorbate peroxidase(APX), dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR)and monodehydroascorbate reductase(MDHAR)in AsA-GSH cycle and the content of AsA increased at the beginning, reaching to the peak in the 3 mmol·L-1 sulfur level. Under high Cd stress(50 μmol·L-1), the contents of H2O2 and MDA decreased first then increased, while the key enzymes activities and antioxidant content of AsA-GSH cycle showed an opposite tendency, and many of them reached to the peak in the 2 mmol·L-1 sulfur level. The results indicated that application of moderate level of sulfur could maintain the efficiency metabolism of AsA-GSH cycle during the stress period, increase the synthesis of PCs and keep the regenerative capacity of antioxidant substances and heavy metal chelating ability. Although sulfur plays an important role in reducing Cd toxicity, overhigh concentration of SO2-4 could cause toxicity of salt stress and thus affect its Cd toxicity relief.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate sulfur application decreased H2O2 and MDA contents in pakchoi leaves in hydroponics.
- Taxon
- Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensist0 - Organ / stage
- pakchoi leavese1
- Treatment
- application of moderate level of sulfure1
- Outcome
- contents of peroxide(H 2 O 2)and malondialdehyde(MDA)e1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Setting
- hydroponicse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
e0“A series of hydroponics experiments were performed”
e1“application of moderate level of sulfur decreased the contents of peroxide(H 2 O 2)and malondialdehyde(MDA), but increased key enzyme activities and antioxidant content of AsA-GSH cycle in pakchoi leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate sulfur application increased key enzyme activities and antioxidant content of the AsA-GSH cycle in pakchoi leaves.
- Taxon
- Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)Brassica rapa subsp. chinensist0
- Organ / stage
- pakchoi leavese1
- Treatment
- application of moderate level of sulfure1
- Outcome
- key enzyme activities and antioxidant content of AsA-GSH cyclee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- hydroponicse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
e0“A series of hydroponics experiments were performed”
e1“application of moderate level of sulfur decreased the contents of peroxide(H 2 O 2)and malondialdehyde(MDA), but increased key enzyme activities and antioxidant content of AsA-GSH cycle in pakchoi leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low Cd stress, H2O2 content in pakchoi leaves was significantly decreased.
- Taxon
- Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)Brassica rapa subsp. chinensist0
- Treatment
- low Cd stress(5 μmol·L -1)e2
- Outcome
- the content of H 2 O 2e2
- Direction
- significantly decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
e2“Under low Cd stress(5 μmol·L -1), the content of H 2 O 2 were significantly decreased and the content of MDA fell first then rose with increasing concentration of sulfur, while PCs content and the activity of glu-tathione reductase(GR)were raised”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low Cd stress, MDA content in pakchoi leaves fell first then rose with increasing sulfur concentration.
- Taxon
- Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)Brassica rapa subsp. chinensist0
- Treatment
- increasing concentration of sulfure2
- Outcome
- the content of MDAe2
- Direction
- fell first then rosee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
e2“Under low Cd stress(5 μmol·L -1), the content of H 2 O 2 were significantly decreased and the content of MDA fell first then rose with increasing concentration of sulfur, while PCs content and the activity of glu-tathione reductase(GR)were raised”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low Cd stress, PC content and glutathione reductase activity in pakchoi leaves were raised.
- Taxon
- Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)Brassica rapa subsp. chinensist0
- Treatment
- low Cd stress(5 μmol·L -1)e2
- Gene
- glu-tathione reductase(GR)e2
- Outcome
- PCs content and the activity of glu-tathione reductase(GR)e2
- Direction
- were raisede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
e2“Under low Cd stress(5 μmol·L -1), the content of H 2 O 2 were significantly decreased and the content of MDA fell first then rose with increasing concentration of sulfur, while PCs content and the activity of glu-tathione reductase(GR)were raised”
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing sulfur, APX, DHAR and MDHAR activities in pakchoi leaves increased at the beginning and peaked at 3 mmol·L-1 sulfur.
- Taxon
- Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)Brassica rapa subsp. chinensist0
- Treatment
- increase of the sulfur concentratione3
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidase(APX), dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR)and monodehydroascorbate reductase(MDHAR)e3
- Outcome
- other key enzymes activitiese3
- Direction
- increased at the beginninge3
- Qualifier
- reaching to the peak in the 3 mmol·L-1 sulfur levele3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
e3“Along with the increase of the sulfur concentration, other key enzymes activities, such as ascorbate peroxidase(APX), dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR)and monodehydroascorbate reductase(MDHAR)in AsA-GSH cycle and the content of AsA increased at the beginning, reaching to the peak in the 3 mmol·L-1 sulfur level”
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing sulfur, AsA content in pakchoi leaves increased at the beginning and peaked at 3 mmol·L-1 sulfur.
- Taxon
- Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)Brassica rapa subsp. chinensist0
- Treatment
- increase of the sulfur concentratione3
- Outcome
- the content of AsAe3
- Direction
- increased at the beginninge3
- Qualifier
- reaching to the peak in the 3 mmol·L-1 sulfur levele3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
e3“Along with the increase of the sulfur concentration, other key enzymes activities, such as ascorbate peroxidase(APX), dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR)and monodehydroascorbate reductase(MDHAR)in AsA-GSH cycle and the content of AsA increased at the beginning, reaching to the peak in the 3 mmol·L-1 sulfur level”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high Cd stress, H2O2 and MDA contents in pakchoi leaves decreased first then increased.
- Taxon
- Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)Brassica rapa subsp. chinensist0
- Treatment
- high Cd stress(50 μmol·L-1)e4
- Outcome
- the contents of H2O2 and MDAe4
- Direction
- decreased first then increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
e4“Under high Cd stress(50 μmol·L-1), the contents of H2O2 and MDA decreased first then increased, while the key enzymes activities and antioxidant content of AsA-GSH cycle showed an opposite tendency, and many of them reached to the peak in the 2 mmol·L-1 sulfur level”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high Cd stress, key enzyme activities and antioxidant content of the AsA-GSH cycle showed an opposite tendency to H2O2 and MDA.
- Taxon
- Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)Brassica rapa subsp. chinensist0
- Treatment
- high Cd stress(50 μmol·L-1)e4
- Outcome
- key enzymes activities and antioxidant content of AsA-GSH cyclee4
- Direction
- showed an opposite tendencye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
e4“Under high Cd stress(50 μmol·L-1), the contents of H2O2 and MDA decreased first then increased, while the key enzymes activities and antioxidant content of AsA-GSH cycle showed an opposite tendency, and many of them reached to the peak in the 2 mmol·L-1 sulfur level”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high Cd stress, many key enzyme activities and antioxidant contents of the AsA-GSH cycle reached a peak at 2 mmol·L-1 sulfur.
- Taxon
- Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)Brassica rapa subsp. chinensist0
- Treatment
- high Cd stress(50 μmol·L-1)e4
- Outcome
- many of theme4
- Direction
- reached to the peake4
- Qualifier
- in the 2 mmol·L-1 sulfur levele4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
e4“Under high Cd stress(50 μmol·L-1), the contents of H2O2 and MDA decreased first then increased, while the key enzymes activities and antioxidant content of AsA-GSH cycle showed an opposite tendency, and many of them reached to the peak in the 2 mmol·L-1 sulfur level”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate sulfur could maintain the efficiency metabolism of the AsA-GSH cycle during the stress period (author interpretation).
- Taxon
- Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)Brassica rapa subsp. chinensist0
- Treatment
- application of moderate level of sulfure5
- Outcome
- efficiency metabolism of AsA-GSH cyclee5
- Direction
- maintaine5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
e5“The results indicated that application of moderate level of sulfur could maintain the efficiency metabolism of AsA-GSH cycle during the stress period, increase the synthesis of PCs and keep the regenerative capacity of antioxidant substances and heavy metal chelating ability”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate sulfur could increase the synthesis of PCs in pakchoi (author interpretation).
- Taxon
- Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)Brassica rapa subsp. chinensist0
- Treatment
- application of moderate level of sulfure5
- Outcome
- the synthesis of PCse5
- Direction
- increasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
e5“The results indicated that application of moderate level of sulfur could maintain the efficiency metabolism of AsA-GSH cycle during the stress period, increase the synthesis of PCs and keep the regenerative capacity of antioxidant substances and heavy metal chelating ability”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate sulfur could keep the regenerative capacity of antioxidant substances and heavy metal chelating ability (author interpretation).
- Taxon
- Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)Brassica rapa subsp. chinensist0
- Treatment
- application of moderate level of sulfure5
- Outcome
- regenerative capacity of antioxidant substances and heavy metal chelating abilitye5
- Direction
- keepe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
e5“The results indicated that application of moderate level of sulfur could maintain the efficiency metabolism of AsA-GSH cycle during the stress period, increase the synthesis of PCs and keep the regenerative capacity of antioxidant substances and heavy metal chelating ability”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur plays an important role in reducing Cd toxicity in pakchoi (author interpretation).
- Taxon
- Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)Brassica rapa subsp. chinensist0
- Treatment
- sulfure6
- Outcome
- Cd toxicitye6
- Direction
- reducinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
e6“Although sulfur plays an important role in reducing Cd toxicity, overhigh concentration of SO2-4 could cause toxicity of salt stress and thus affect its Cd toxicity relief”
Claim · model-written summary
Overhigh sulfate concentration could cause salt-stress toxicity and affect Cd toxicity relief (author interpretation).
- Taxon
- Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)Brassica rapa subsp. chinensist0
- Treatment
- overhigh concentration of SO2-4e6
- Outcome
- Cd toxicity reliefe6
- Direction
- affecte6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
e6“Although sulfur plays an important role in reducing Cd toxicity, overhigh concentration of SO2-4 could cause toxicity of salt stress and thus affect its Cd toxicity relief”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · physiology: oxidative · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Results differ
12 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →sulfur atom · molecular: metabolites · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
cadmium atom · molecular: metabolites · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →sulfur atom · physiology: oxidative · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
heavy metal · molecular: metabolites · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
heavy metal · physiology: oxidative · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Positive and negative results
7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.