Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during Rabi seasons (2014-15 and 2015-16) at AICRP-Weed Management, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, to evaluate the effect of integration of different herbicides and mulching on weeds, yield and economics of garlic. The experiment involved the integration of two mulch treatments in the main plot (with and without rice straw mulch) and four weed management treatments replicated thrice in a split-plot design. The weed density and biomass, weed control efficiency, plant growth parameters and garlic bulb yield varied significantly amongst tested weed management treatments. During both the years, grassy and non-grassy weed density was significantly reduced with rice straw mulch 5 t/ha integration with different herbicides compared to without mulch. The pre-emergence application (PE) of oxyflurofen 0.223 kg/ha recorded lowest density and biomass of all the weeds. The rice straw mulch 5 t/ha resulted in significantly the highest garlic yield (2.95 and 4.25 t/ha); net returns ( 1,75850 and 2,80250/ha and B:C (2.9 and 4.7), during both the years, respectively. Among herbicides, oxyflurofen 0.223 kg/ha PE recorded the highest net returns ( 1,31700 and 2,04100/ha) and B:C (2.4 and 3.7) during both the year, respectively.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Weed density and biomass varied significantly among weed management treatments in garlic.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativume0 - Outcome
- weed density and biomasse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effect of integration of different herbicides and mulching on weeds, yield and economics of garlic”
e1“The weed density and biomass, weed control efficiency, plant growth parameters and garlic bulb yield varied significantly amongst tested weed management treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch 5 t/ha with herbicides reduced grassy and non-grassy weed density in garlic compared with no mulch.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Treatment
- rice straw mulch 5 t/ha integration with different herbicidese2
- Interactor
- grassy and non-grassy weede2weed
- Outcome
- grassy and non-grassy weed densitye2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- without mulche2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effect of integration of different herbicides and mulching on weeds, yield and economics of garlic”
e2“grassy and non-grassy weed density was significantly reduced with rice straw mulch 5 t/ha integration with different herbicides compared to without mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-emergence oxyflurofen 0.223 kg/ha gave the lowest density and biomass of all weeds in garlic.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Treatment
- oxyflurofen 0.223 kg/hae3
- Interactor
- weedse3weed
- Outcome
- density and biomasse3
- Direction
- loweste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effect of integration of different herbicides and mulching on weeds, yield and economics of garlic”
e3“The pre-emergence application (PE) of oxyflurofen 0.223 kg/ha recorded lowest density and biomass of all the weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch 5 t/ha gave the highest garlic bulb yield, 2.95 and 4.25 t/ha.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Treatment
- rice straw mulch 5 t/hae4
- Outcome
- garlic yielde4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 2.95 and 4.25 t/hae4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effect of integration of different herbicides and mulching on weeds, yield and economics of garlic”
e4“The rice straw mulch 5 t/ha resulted in significantly the highest garlic yield (2.95 and 4.25 t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch 5 t/ha gave the highest net returns in garlic, 1,75850 and 2,80250/ha.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Treatment
- rice straw mulch 5 t/hae4
- Outcome
- net returnse5
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 1,75850 and 2,80250/hae5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effect of integration of different herbicides and mulching on weeds, yield and economics of garlic”
e4“The rice straw mulch 5 t/ha resulted in significantly the highest garlic yield (2.95 and 4.25 t/ha)”
e5“net returns ( 1,75850 and 2,80250/ha and B:C (2.9 and 4.7)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch 5 t/ha gave benefit-cost ratio 2.9 and 4.7 in garlic.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Treatment
- rice straw mulch 5 t/hae4
- Outcome
- B:Ce5
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 2.9 and 4.7e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effect of integration of different herbicides and mulching on weeds, yield and economics of garlic”
e4“The rice straw mulch 5 t/ha resulted in significantly the highest garlic yield (2.95 and 4.25 t/ha)”
e5“net returns ( 1,75850 and 2,80250/ha and B:C (2.9 and 4.7)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxyflurofen 0.223 kg/ha PE gave the highest net returns in garlic, 1,31700 and 2,04100/ha.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Treatment
- oxyflurofen 0.223 kg/ha PEe6
- Outcome
- net returnse6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 1,31700 and 2,04100/hae6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effect of integration of different herbicides and mulching on weeds, yield and economics of garlic”
e6“Among herbicides, oxyflurofen 0.223 kg/ha PE recorded the highest net returns ( 1,31700 and 2,04100/ha) and B:C (2.4 and 3.7)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxyflurofen 0.223 kg/ha PE gave the highest benefit-cost ratio in garlic, 2.4 and 3.7.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Treatment
- oxyflurofen 0.223 kg/ha PEe6
- Outcome
- B:Ce6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 2.4 and 3.7e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the effect of integration of different herbicides and mulching on weeds, yield and economics of garlic”
e6“Among herbicides, oxyflurofen 0.223 kg/ha PE recorded the highest net returns ( 1,31700 and 2,04100/ha) and B:C (2.4 and 3.7)”
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