Abstract
Background: Zeolite (Z) is gradually used in rice production due to its holding ability for water and nutrients, but limited information is available on how its physiological function affects rice grain yield and quality under water stress. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Z application on rice physiological characteristics, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, grain yield and quality under continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD). Results: The results showed that, compared with CF, AWD reduced leaf SPAD, root bleeding intensity, aboveground dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, resulted in lower grain yield without Z application, but improved root–shoot ratio and root N accumulation. Z application increased dry matter and N accumulation, and subsequent grain yield by improving leaf SPAD and root bleeding intensity. Both AWD and Z application improved water use efficiency. AWD reduced head rice rate, chalky rice rate and chalkiness, but improved the taste value by increasing the breakdown and reducing the setback. Z application improved protein content, reduced breakdown and setback, but increased chalky rice rate and chalkiness. Conclusions: These results indicated that AWD and Z application could achieve several benefits including improved grain yield, grain quality and water use efficiency.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
AWD reduced leaf SPAD and root bleeding intensity compared with CF.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- AWDe1
- Outcome
- leaf SPAD, root bleeding intensitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- CFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with CF, AWD reduced leaf SPAD, root bleeding intensity, aboveground dry matter and nitrogen accumulation”
t0“in Rice under”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD reduced aboveground dry matter and nitrogen accumulation compared with CF.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe1
- Outcome
- aboveground dry matter and nitrogen accumulatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- CFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with CF, AWD reduced leaf SPAD, root bleeding intensity, aboveground dry matter and nitrogen accumulation”
t0“in Rice under”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD resulted in lower grain yield without Z application.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe1
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Qualifier
- without Z applicatione2
- Comparator
- CFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“resulted in lower grain yield without Z application”
e1“compared with CF, AWD reduced leaf SPAD, root bleeding intensity, aboveground dry matter and nitrogen accumulation”
t0“in Rice under”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD improved root–shoot ratio and root N accumulation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe1
- Outcome
- root–shoot ratio and root N accumulatione3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Comparator
- CFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“improved root–shoot ratio and root N accumulation”
e1“compared with CF, AWD reduced leaf SPAD, root bleeding intensity, aboveground dry matter and nitrogen accumulation”
t0“in Rice under”
Claim · model-written summary
Z application increased dry matter, N accumulation and subsequent grain yield by improving leaf SPAD and root bleeding intensity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Z applicatione4
- Outcome
- dry matter and N accumulation, and subsequent grain yielde4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- by improving leaf SPAD and root bleeding intensitye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Z application increased dry matter and N accumulation, and subsequent grain yield by improving leaf SPAD and root bleeding intensity”
t0“in Rice under”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD improved water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe5
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye5
- Direction
- improvede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Both AWD and Z application improved water use efficiency”
t0“in Rice under”
Claim · model-written summary
Z application improved water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Z applicatione5
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye5
- Direction
- improvede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Both AWD and Z application improved water use efficiency”
t0“in Rice under”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD reduced head rice rate, chalky rice rate and chalkiness.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe6
- Outcome
- head rice rate, chalky rice rate and chalkinesse6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“AWD reduced head rice rate, chalky rice rate and chalkiness”
t0“in Rice under”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD improved taste value by increasing breakdown and reducing setback.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe6
- Outcome
- taste valuee7
- Direction
- improvede7
- Qualifier
- by increasing the breakdown and reducing the setbacke7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“improved the taste value by increasing the breakdown and reducing the setback”
e6“AWD reduced head rice rate, chalky rice rate and chalkiness”
t0“in Rice under”
Claim · model-written summary
Z application improved protein content.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Z applicatione6
- Outcome
- protein contente6
- Direction
- improvede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Z application improved protein content”
t0“in Rice under”
Claim · model-written summary
Z application reduced breakdown and setback.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Z applicatione6
- Outcome
- breakdown and setbacke7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Z application improved protein content”
e7“reduced breakdown and setback”
t0“in Rice under”
Claim · model-written summary
Z application increased chalky rice rate and chalkiness.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Z applicatione6
- Outcome
- chalky rice rate and chalkinesse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Z application improved protein content”
e7“increased chalky rice rate and chalkiness”
t0“in Rice under”
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See all 291 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.