Abstract
Nitrogen is a key element for the growth and yield of all crops. Increased doses of nitrogen do not give the expected return, create a danger of leaching of nitrates, activate the emission of nitrous oxide. These problems make it necessary to solve the urgent issue of optimizing nitrogen nutrition using the nitrogen stabilizer nitrapyrin. The purpose of our research under conditions of sufficient moisture in the Western Forest Steppe was to find out the effect of the urease inhibitor on the agrochemical parameters of the dark gray forest podzolized light loam soil, as well as the effect on the yield of winter barley. We conducted field experiments at the Lviv National University of Nature Management. We used traditional methods of field research and standardized methods of laboratory analysis. A positive effect of the use of the nitrogen stabilizer nitrapyrin on the funds of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium available for nutrition, as well as on the reduction of soil acidity, was established. The highest content of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen was achieved when applying N23P60K60 in autumn + N97 in the phase of vegetation recovery with nitrapyrin – 132 mg/kg of soil. This was 28 mg/kg more than the traditional fertilization system without nitrapyrin (N60P60K60). Application of 120 kg/ha of nitrogen in the form of urea created a reserve 3.3 times higher, and ammonium nitrate created a reserve 3.6 times higher than the unfertilized version. Nitrapyrin, a stabilizer of nitrates, made it possible to limit their formation with the introduction of urea by 3 5%, ammonium nitrate by 10 %. The nitrogen application rate of N120 kg/ha per year led to the annual emission of nitrous oxide in the amount of 121.5 kg/ha. Nitrapyrin limited the amount of nitrous oxide emission by 3.3–7.2 kg/ha, depending on the amount of nitrogen application rate. The use of ammonium nitrate at the rate of N120 when applied in the spring caused the highest level of nitrogen oxide emissions (29.5 kg/ha of soil). However, the application of this fertilizer and inhibitor reduced gaseous nitrogen losses to 25.9 kg/ha when applied to restore vegetation. The introduction of N97 (ammonium nitrate) + N-Lok Max under winter barley during the restoration of vegetation on the background of N23P60K60 under plowing gave the highest average yield in the experiment for 2020–2022 – 7.65 t/ha, for 2022 – 7.90 t/ha. The 3D regression model of winter barley grain yield under the influence of the synergistic effect of both forms of nitrogen illustrates the importance of balancing the funds of forms of this nutrient element in the soil.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrapyrin had a positive effect on the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium available for winter barley nutrition.
- Taxon
- winter barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- nitrogen stabilizer nitrapyrine1
- Outcome
- funds of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium available for nutritione1
- Direction
- positive effecte1
- Setting
- Lviv National University of Nature Managemente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the yield of winter barley”
e1“A positive effect of the use of the nitrogen stabilizer nitrapyrin on the funds of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium available for nutrition, as well as on the reduction of soil acidity, was established”
e2“We conducted field experiments at the Lviv National University of Nature Management”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest easily hydrolyzable nitrogen content, 132 mg/kg of soil, was obtained with N23P60K60 in autumn plus N97 at vegetation recovery with nitrapyrin.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- N23P60K60 in autumn + N97 in the phase of vegetation recovery with nitrapyrine1
- Outcome
- content of easily hydrolyzable nitrogene1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 132 mg/kg of soile1
- Setting
- Lviv National University of Nature Managemente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of winter barley”
e1“The highest content of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen was achieved when applying N23P60K60 in autumn + N97 in the phase of vegetation recovery with nitrapyrin – 132 mg/kg of soil”
e2“We conducted field experiments at the Lviv National University of Nature Management”
Claim · model-written summary
Easily hydrolyzable nitrogen content was 28 mg/kg higher with N23P60K60 in autumn plus N97 with nitrapyrin than with the traditional system without nitrapyrin (N60P60K60).
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- N23P60K60 in autumn + N97 in the phase of vegetation recovery with nitrapyrine1
- Outcome
- content of easily hydrolyzable nitrogene1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 28 mg/kge1
- Comparator
- traditional fertilization system without nitrapyrin (N60P60K60)e1
- Setting
- Lviv National University of Nature Managemente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of winter barley”
e1“The highest content of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen was achieved when applying N23P60K60 in autumn + N97 in the phase of vegetation recovery with nitrapyrin – 132 mg/kg of soil. This was 28 mg/kg more than the traditional fertilization system without nitrapyrin (N60P60K60)”
e2“We conducted field experiments at the Lviv National University of Nature Management”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea at 120 kg/ha of nitrogen created a soil nitrogen reserve 3.3 times higher than the unfertilized version.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Application of 120 kg/ha of nitrogen in the form of ureae1
- Outcome
- reservee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 3.3 timese1
- Comparator
- unfertilized versione1
- Setting
- Lviv National University of Nature Managemente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of winter barley”
e1“Application of 120 kg/ha of nitrogen in the form of urea created a reserve 3.3 times higher, and ammonium nitrate created a reserve 3.6 times higher than the unfertilized version”
e2“We conducted field experiments at the Lviv National University of Nature Management”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate created a soil nitrogen reserve 3.6 times higher than the unfertilized version.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitratee1
- Outcome
- reservee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 3.6 timese1
- Comparator
- unfertilized versione1
- Setting
- Lviv National University of Nature Managemente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of winter barley”
e1“Application of 120 kg/ha of nitrogen in the form of urea created a reserve 3.3 times higher, and ammonium nitrate created a reserve 3.6 times higher than the unfertilized version”
e2“We conducted field experiments at the Lviv National University of Nature Management”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrapyrin limited nitrate formation with urea by 3 to 5%.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Nitrapyrine1
- Outcome
- their formatione1
- Direction
- limite1
- Value
- 3 5%e1
- Qualifier
- with the introduction of ureae1
- Setting
- Lviv National University of Nature Managemente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of winter barley”
e1“Nitrapyrin, a stabilizer of nitrates, made it possible to limit their formation with the introduction of urea by 3 5%, ammonium nitrate by 10 %”
e2“We conducted field experiments at the Lviv National University of Nature Management”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrapyrin limited nitrate formation with ammonium nitrate by 10%.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Nitrapyrine1
- Outcome
- their formatione1
- Direction
- limite1
- Value
- 10 %e1
- Qualifier
- ammonium nitratee1
- Setting
- Lviv National University of Nature Managemente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of winter barley”
e1“Nitrapyrin, a stabilizer of nitrates, made it possible to limit their formation with the introduction of urea by 3 5%, ammonium nitrate by 10 %”
e2“We conducted field experiments at the Lviv National University of Nature Management”
Claim · model-written summary
The N120 kg/ha per year nitrogen rate led to an annual nitrous oxide emission of 121.5 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application rate of N120 kg/ha per yeare1
- Outcome
- annual emission of nitrous oxidee1
- Value
- 121.5 kg/hae1
- Setting
- Lviv National University of Nature Managemente2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of winter barley”
e1“The nitrogen application rate of N120 kg/ha per year led to the annual emission of nitrous oxide in the amount of 121.5 kg/ha”
e2“We conducted field experiments at the Lviv National University of Nature Management”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrapyrin limited nitrous oxide emission by 3.3 to 7.2 kg/ha, depending on the nitrogen application rate.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Nitrapyrine1
- Outcome
- the amount of nitrous oxide emissione1
- Direction
- limitede1
- Value
- 3.3–7.2 kg/hae1
- Qualifier
- depending on the amount of nitrogen application ratee1
- Setting
- Lviv National University of Nature Managemente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of winter barley”
e1“Nitrapyrin limited the amount of nitrous oxide emission by 3.3–7.2 kg/ha, depending on the amount of nitrogen application rate”
e2“We conducted field experiments at the Lviv National University of Nature Management”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate at N120 applied in spring caused the highest level of nitrogen oxide emissions, 29.5 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrate at the rate of N120 when applied in the springe1
- Outcome
- level of nitrogen oxide emissionse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 29.5 kg/hae1
- Setting
- Lviv National University of Nature Managemente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of winter barley”
e1“The use of ammonium nitrate at the rate of N120 when applied in the spring caused the highest level of nitrogen oxide emissions (29.5 kg/ha of soil)”
e2“We conducted field experiments at the Lviv National University of Nature Management”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate with nitrapyrin applied to restore vegetation reduced gaseous nitrogen losses to 25.9 kg/ha, below the spring-applied ammonium nitrate.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- the application of this fertilizer and inhibitore1
- Outcome
- gaseous nitrogen lossese1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 25.9 kg/hae1
- Qualifier
- when applied to restore vegetatione1
- Comparator
- ammonium nitrate at the rate of N120 when applied in the springe1
- Setting
- Lviv National University of Nature Managemente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of winter barley”
e1“The use of ammonium nitrate at the rate of N120 when applied in the spring caused the highest level of nitrogen oxide emissions (29.5 kg/ha of soil). However, the application of this fertilizer and inhibitor reduced gaseous nitrogen losses to 25.9 kg/ha when applied to restore vegetation”
e2“We conducted field experiments at the Lviv National University of Nature Management”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate with N-Lok Max under winter barley during vegetation restoration gave the highest average yield, 7.65 t/ha, for 2020–2022.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- introduction of N97 (ammonium nitrate) + N-Lok Maxe0
- Outcome
- average yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 7.65 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- for 2020–2022e0
- Setting
- Lviv National University of Nature Managemente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The introduction of N97 (ammonium nitrate) + N-Lok Max under winter barley during the restoration of vegetation on the background of N23P60K60 under plowing gave the highest average yield in the experiment for 2020–2022 – 7.65 t/ha, for 2022 – 7.90 t/ha”
e2“We conducted field experiments at the Lviv National University of Nature Management”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2022 the same ammonium nitrate with N-Lok Max treatment gave the highest winter barley yield, 7.90 t/ha.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- introduction of N97 (ammonium nitrate) + N-Lok Maxe0
- Outcome
- average yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 7.90 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- for 2022e0
- Setting
- Lviv National University of Nature Managemente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The introduction of N97 (ammonium nitrate) + N-Lok Max under winter barley during the restoration of vegetation on the background of N23P60K60 under plowing gave the highest average yield in the experiment for 2020–2022 – 7.65 t/ha, for 2022 – 7.90 t/ha”
e2“We conducted field experiments at the Lviv National University of Nature Management”
Claim · model-written summary
A 3D regression model of winter barley grain yield illustrates the importance of balancing the soil forms of nitrogen under their synergistic effect.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- synergistic effect of both forms of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- 3D regression modele0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 3D regression model of winter barley grain yield under the influence of the synergistic effect of both forms of nitrogen illustrates the importance of balancing the funds of forms of this nutrient element in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrapyrin reduced soil acidity in winter barley field experiments.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- nitrogen stabilizer nitrapyrine1
- Outcome
- soil aciditye1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Setting
- Lviv National University of Nature Managemente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of winter barley”
e1“A positive effect of the use of the nitrogen stabilizer nitrapyrin on the funds of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium available for nutrition, as well as on the reduction of soil acidity, was established”
e2“We conducted field experiments at the Lviv National University of Nature Management”
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