Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) contributes to global warming and ozone depletion. Two-thirds of the global N2O emissions are derived from agricultural soils receiving manure or fertilizer applications. The goal of this study was to identify and develop management practices that can decrease N2O emissions from manured soils. We tested two times of liquid manure injections (early fall versus late spring) and two nitrification inhibitors (NIs; nitrapyrin vs. DMPP). We conducted two field experiments in central Alberta (Lacombe and Edmonton), Canada over a period of 13 months and a 28-day laboratory incubation. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for silage was planted, and productivity and N uptake were recorded. Soil ammonium and nitrate concentrations and N2O fluxes were repeatedly monitored. First-order kinetic models represented well mineral N transformations in both field and incubation experiments, with the exception of fast nitrate depletion rates which were better depicted by second-order models. Compared to the controls, field N2O emissions were increased by manure application (on average 3.15 vs. 0.48 kg N ha-1 yr-1 at both sites), but emissions were sharply reduced with NIs. For instance, in our Lacombe site, fall manure treated with DMPP reduced annual N2O emissions by 81%, and nitrapyrin reduced emissions by 58%. The emission reductions caused by NIs were also evident in the spring manure field treatments, our incubation, and at our Edmonton site, but the reductions were in general smaller possibly due to prevailing drier conditions - in particular during mid spring in Edmonton. Compared to the spring manure timing, fall manure without NIs resulted in an approximate two-fold increase in N2O emissions, due to major peak fluxes following the early spring snow-melt, which accounted for at least 65% of the annual N2O emissions. Fall manure timing also reduced plant productivity and N uptake. In summary, spring-applied manure with NIs can mitigate N2O emissions in Alberta’s agriculture and in regions with comparable agro-ecological conditions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Manure application increased field N2O emissions compared with controls.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- manure applicatione2
- Outcome
- field N2O emissionse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 3.15 vs. 0.48 kg N ha-1 yr-1e2
- Comparator
- controlse2
- Setting
- central Alberta (Lacombe and Edmonton), Canadae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“We conducted two field experiments in central Alberta (Lacombe and Edmonton), Canada over a period of 13 months”
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for silage was planted”
e2“Compared to the controls, field N2O emissions were increased by manure application (on average 3.15 vs. 0.48 kg N ha-1 yr-1 at both sites)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall manure treated with DMPP reduced annual N2O emissions by 81% at the Lacombe site.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- fall manure treated with DMPPe3
- Outcome
- annual N2O emissionse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 81%e3
- Setting
- Lacombe sitee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for silage was planted”
e3“For instance, in our Lacombe site, fall manure treated with DMPP reduced annual N2O emissions by 81%, and nitrapyrin reduced emissions by 58%”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrapyrin reduced N2O emissions by 58% at the Lacombe site.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- nitrapyrine3
- Outcome
- emissionse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 58%e3
- Setting
- Lacombe sitee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for silage was planted”
e3“For instance, in our Lacombe site, fall manure treated with DMPP reduced annual N2O emissions by 81%, and nitrapyrin reduced emissions by 58%”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrification-inhibitor emission reductions were also seen in spring manure, the incubation and Edmonton, but were smaller, possibly due to drier conditions.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- NIse4
- Outcome
- emission reductionse4
- Direction
- smallere4
- Qualifier
- possibly due to prevailing drier conditionse4
- Setting
- Edmonton sitee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for silage was planted”
e4“The emission reductions caused by NIs were also evident in the spring manure field treatments, our incubation, and at our Edmonton site, but the reductions were in general smaller possibly due to prevailing drier conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall manure without NIs gave an approximately two-fold increase in N2O emissions compared with spring manure timing.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- fall manure without NIse5
- Outcome
- N2O emissionse5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Value
- approximate two-folde5
- Comparator
- spring manure timinge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for silage was planted”
e5“Compared to the spring manure timing, fall manure without NIs resulted in an approximate two-fold increase in N2O emissions”
Claim · model-written summary
Early spring snow-melt peak fluxes accounted for at least 65% of annual N2O emissions under fall manure.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- annual N2O emissionse6
- Value
- at least 65%e6
- Qualifier
- due to major peak fluxes following the early spring snow-melte6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for silage was planted”
e6“due to major peak fluxes following the early spring snow-melt, which accounted for at least 65% of the annual N2O emissions”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall manure timing reduced plant productivity and N uptake.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Fall manure timinge7
- Outcome
- plant productivity and N uptakee7
- Direction
- reducede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for silage was planted”
e7“Fall manure timing also reduced plant productivity and N uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring-applied manure with NIs can mitigate N2O emissions, according to the authors.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- spring-applied manure with NIse2
- Outcome
- mitigate N2O emissionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for silage was planted”
e2“spring-applied manure with NIs can mitigate N2O emissions”
Claim · model-written summary
First-order kinetic models represented mineral N transformations well, except fast nitrate depletion, which second-order models fit better.
Verbatim
e2“First-order kinetic models represented well mineral N transformations in both field and incubation experiments, with the exception of fast nitrate depletion rates which were better depicted by second-order models”
The same questions in other papers
nitrapyrin · environment: emissions · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fertilization · environment: emissions · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.