Abstract
Soil water scarcity hinders crop productivity globally, emphasizing the imperative for sustainable agriculture. This study investigated the role of nitrogen in alleviating drought stress in barley. Parameters such as relative water content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, mesophyll concentration of CO2, total leaf nitrogen, grain yield, total organic nitrogen content, starch content, and macronutrient concentrations (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) were examined. The optimal grain yield (3.73 t·ha−1) was achieved with 1 g of nitrogen per container (near 200 kg N hectare−1) under ideal moisture conditions. However, under drought stress, nitrogen supply variants (1 g and 2 g per container) exhibited a significant decrease in photosynthetic rate (Pn), NRA activities, and a notable increase in Ci values. Stomatal conductance exhibited a substantial decrease by 84% in the early growth phase, especially with a 2 g dose of nitrogen supply. Nitrogen enhanced crude protein levels, yet both drought stress and nitrogen application reduced grain weight and starch content. Nitrogen effectively improved metabolic processes under drought, particularly in earlier growth stages (e.g., tillering). This research highlights the importance of sustainable agricultural practices related to the growth stage of barley, emphasizing nitrogen optimization to enhance crop resilience in water-scarce environments. The results underscore the intricate interplay between nitrogen fertilization, drought stress, and crop yield, indicating benefits during initial stress exposure but detrimental effects in subsequent growth stages.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal grain yield was 3.73 t·ha−1 with 1 g nitrogen per container under ideal moisture.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- 1 g of nitrogen per containere0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- optimale0
- Value
- 3.73 t·ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- under ideal moisture conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The optimal grain yield (3.73 t·ha−1) was achieved with 1 g of nitrogen per container (near 200 kg N hectare−1) under ideal moisture conditions.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought with 1 g nitrogen per container significantly decreased photosynthetic rate and NRA activities.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 1 ge0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate (Pn), NRA activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under drought stress, nitrogen supply variants (1 g and 2 g per container) exhibited a significant decrease in photosynthetic rate (Pn), NRA activities”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought with 2 g nitrogen per container significantly decreased photosynthetic rate and NRA activities.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 2 g per containere0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate (Pn), NRA activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under drought stress, nitrogen supply variants (1 g and 2 g per container) exhibited a significant decrease in photosynthetic rate (Pn), NRA activities”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought with 1 g nitrogen per container increased Ci values.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 1 ge0
- Outcome
- Ci valuese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under drought stress, nitrogen supply variants (1 g and 2 g per container) exhibited a significant decrease in photosynthetic rate (Pn), NRA activities, and a notable increase in Ci values.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought with 2 g nitrogen per container increased Ci values.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 2 g per containere0
- Outcome
- Ci valuese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under drought stress, nitrogen supply variants (1 g and 2 g per container) exhibited a significant decrease in photosynthetic rate (Pn), NRA activities, and a notable increase in Ci values.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance decreased by 84% early in growth, especially with 2 g nitrogen.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 2 g dose of nitrogen supplye0
- Outcome
- Stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 84%e0
- Qualifier
- in the early growth phasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal conductance exhibited a substantial decrease by 84% in the early growth phase, especially with a 2 g dose of nitrogen supply.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen enhanced crude protein levels.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- crude protein levelse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen enhanced crude protein levels”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress reduced grain weight and starch content.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- grain weight and starch contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both drought stress and nitrogen application reduced grain weight and starch content.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application reduced grain weight and starch content.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain weight and starch contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both drought stress and nitrogen application reduced grain weight and starch content.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen improved metabolic processes under drought, especially at tillering.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- metabolic processese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under drought, particularly in earlier growth stages (e.g., tillering)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen effectively improved metabolic processes under drought, particularly in earlier growth stages (e.g., tillering).”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen benefits during initial stress exposure but has detrimental effects later.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- benefits during initial stress exposure but detrimental effects in subsequent growth stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating benefits during initial stress exposure but detrimental effects in subsequent growth stages.”
t0“Barley”
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