Abstract
Tomato is a globally important fruit crop, which is easily susceptible to infection by plant-parasitic nematodes during growth. In this study, selenium nanoparticles were biosynthesized through the selenite reduction pathway in a wild-type Pseudomonas stutzeri BB19 and were characterized by uniform nanostructured needle-like forms with an average size of 95.2 nm. The nematicidal effect of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (BioSeNPs) at different concentrations (2, 6, and 10 ppm) during the pre- or post-infection of tomato root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, was assessed under greenhouse conditions. The BioSeNPs were applied as a foliar spray or a soil drench, compared to ethoprophos nematicide (100 mL/pot). The results showed that the ethoprophos nematicide significantly reduced the number of galls, egg mass, and eggs/egg mass of M. incognita by 94.2, 92.8, and 49.8%, respectively. BioSeNPs, as foliar sprays, significantly reduced the number of galls in post-treated infected tomato plants at 10 ppm and in pre-treated infected tomato plants at 2 ppm by 91.9 and 91.4%, respectively. Concerning the egg mass, BioSeNPs significantly reduced it in pre-treated infected tomato plants at 2 ppm as a foliar spray by 90.9%. Moreover, BioSeNPs significantly reduced the eggs/egg mass in pre-treated infected tomato plants at 2 ppm as a soil drench by 43.3%. On the other hand, the BioSeNPs considerably improved tomato growth, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid content, and enzymes (i.e., catalase and peroxidase) activity compared to untreated infected tomato plants (negative control). Hence, the BioSeNPs show a significant application potential as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly biocontrol agent for RKN management in tomato plants.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Ethoprophos nematicide significantly reduced the number of galls of M. incognita
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- ethoprophos nematicidee0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pest - Outcome
- number of gallse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 94.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the ethoprophos nematicide significantly reduced the number of galls, egg mass, and eggs/egg mass of M. incognita by 94.2, 92.8, and 49.8%, respectively”
e1“Tomato is a globally important fruit crop, which is easily susceptible to infection by plant-parasitic nematodes during growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethoprophos nematicide significantly reduced the egg mass of M. incognita
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- ethoprophos nematicidee0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- egg masse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 92.8e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the ethoprophos nematicide significantly reduced the number of galls, egg mass, and eggs/egg mass of M. incognita by 94.2, 92.8, and 49.8%, respectively”
e1“Tomato is a globally important fruit crop, which is easily susceptible to infection by plant-parasitic nematodes during growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethoprophos nematicide significantly reduced the eggs per egg mass of M. incognita
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- ethoprophos nematicidee0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- eggs/egg masse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 49.8e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the ethoprophos nematicide significantly reduced the number of galls, egg mass, and eggs/egg mass of M. incognita by 94.2, 92.8, and 49.8%, respectively”
e1“Tomato is a globally important fruit crop, which is easily susceptible to infection by plant-parasitic nematodes during growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-sprayed BioSeNPs significantly reduced galls in post-treated infected tomato at 10 ppm
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- BioSeNPs, as foliar sprayse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- number of gallse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 91.9e0
- Qualifier
- post-treated infected tomato plants at 10 ppme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BioSeNPs, as foliar sprays, significantly reduced the number of galls in post-treated infected tomato plants at 10 ppm and in pre-treated infected tomato plants at 2 ppm by 91.9 and 91.4%, respectively”
e1“The nematicidal effect of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (BioSeNPs) at different concentrations (2, 6, and 10 ppm) during the pre- or post-infection of tomato root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, was assessed under greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-sprayed BioSeNPs significantly reduced galls in pre-treated infected tomato at 2 ppm
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- BioSeNPs, as foliar sprayse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- number of gallse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 91.4e0
- Qualifier
- pre-treated infected tomato plants at 2 ppme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BioSeNPs, as foliar sprays, significantly reduced the number of galls in post-treated infected tomato plants at 10 ppm and in pre-treated infected tomato plants at 2 ppm by 91.9 and 91.4%, respectively”
e1“The nematicidal effect of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (BioSeNPs) at different concentrations (2, 6, and 10 ppm) during the pre- or post-infection of tomato root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, was assessed under greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-sprayed BioSeNPs significantly reduced egg mass in pre-treated infected tomato at 2 ppm
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- BioSeNPse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- egg masse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 90.9%e0
- Qualifier
- pre-treated infected tomato plants at 2 ppm as a foliar spraye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concerning the egg mass, BioSeNPs significantly reduced it in pre-treated infected tomato plants at 2 ppm as a foliar spray by 90.9%”
e1“The nematicidal effect of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (BioSeNPs) at different concentrations (2, 6, and 10 ppm) during the pre- or post-infection of tomato root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, was assessed under greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-drenched BioSeNPs significantly reduced eggs per egg mass in pre-treated infected tomato at 2 ppm
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- BioSeNPse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- eggs/egg masse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 43.3%e0
- Qualifier
- pre-treated infected tomato plants at 2 ppm as a soil drenche0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, BioSeNPs significantly reduced the eggs/egg mass in pre-treated infected tomato plants at 2 ppm as a soil drench by 43.3%”
e1“The nematicidal effect of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (BioSeNPs) at different concentrations (2, 6, and 10 ppm) during the pre- or post-infection of tomato root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, was assessed under greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
BioSeNPs improved tomato growth compared with untreated infected plants
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- BioSeNPse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- untreated infected tomato plants (negative control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the other hand, the BioSeNPs considerably improved tomato growth, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid content, and enzymes (i.e., catalase and peroxidase) activity compared to untreated infected tomato plants (negative control)”
Claim · model-written summary
BioSeNPs improved chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid content of tomato
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- BioSeNPse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- untreated infected tomato plants (negative control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the other hand, the BioSeNPs considerably improved tomato growth, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid content, and enzymes (i.e., catalase and peroxidase) activity compared to untreated infected tomato plants (negative control)”
Claim · model-written summary
BioSeNPs improved catalase and peroxidase activity in tomato
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- BioSeNPse0
- Outcome
- enzymes (i.e., catalase and peroxidase) activitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- untreated infected tomato plants (negative control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the other hand, the BioSeNPs considerably improved tomato growth, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid content, and enzymes (i.e., catalase and peroxidase) activity compared to untreated infected tomato plants (negative control)”
Claim · model-written summary
BioSeNPs show significant application potential as a biocontrol agent for RKN management in tomato plants
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- RKNe0pest
- Outcome
- application potentiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hence, the BioSeNPs show a significant application potential as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly biocontrol agent for RKN management in tomato plants”
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See all 45 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.