Abstract
Ubiquitination is a fundamental mechanism regulating the stability of target proteins in eukaryotes; however, the regulatory mechanism in seed longevity remains unknown. Here, we report that an uncharacterized E3 ligase, ARABIDOPSIS TÓXICOS EN LEVADURA 5 (ATL5), positively regulates seed longevity by mediating the degradation of ACTIVATOR OF BASAL TRANSCRIPTION 1 (ABT1) in Arabidopsis. Seeds in which ATL5 was disrupted showed faster accelerated aging than the wild-type, while expressing ATL5 in atl5-2 basically restored the defective phenotype. ATL5 was highly expressed in the embryos of seeds, and its expression could be induced by accelerated aging. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified ABT1 as an ATL5 interacting protein, which was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementary assay and co-immunoprecipitation analysis. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that ATL5 functions as an E3 ligase and mediates the polyubiquitination and degradation of ABT1. Disruption of ATL5 diminished the degradation of translated ABT1, and the degradation could be induced by seed ageing and occurred in a proteasome-dependent manner. Furthermore, disruption of ABT1 enhanced seed longevity. Taken together, our study reveals that ATL5 promotes the polyubiquitination and degradation of the ABT1 protein posttranslationally and positively regulates seed longevity in Arabidopsis.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Disrupting ATL5 accelerated seed aging relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Organ / stage
- Seedse0
- Treatment
- ATL5 was disruptede0
- Gene
- ATL5e0
- Outcome
- accelerated aginge0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Comparator
- wild-typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds in which ATL5 was disrupted showed faster accelerated aging than the wild-type”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Expressing ATL5 in atl5-2 essentially restored the defective seed phenotype.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- atl5-2e0
- Treatment
- expressing ATL5 in atl5-2e0
- Gene
- ATL5e0
- Outcome
- defective phenotypee0
- Direction
- restorede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expressing ATL5 in atl5-2 basically restored the defective phenotype”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
ATL5 was highly expressed in seed embryos.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- embryos of seedse0
- Gene
- ATL5e0
- Outcome
- highly expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ATL5 was highly expressed in the embryos of seeds”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Accelerated aging induced ATL5 expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- accelerated aginge0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its expression could be induced by accelerated aging”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
ABT1 interacted with ATL5 in multiple assays.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- ABT1e0
- Outcome
- ATL5 interacting proteine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A yeast two-hybrid screen identified ABT1 as an ATL5 interacting protein, which was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementary assay and co-immunoprecipitation analysis”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
ATL5 functioned as an E3 ligase and mediated ABT1 polyubiquitination and degradation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- ATL5e0
- Outcome
- polyubiquitination and degradation of ABT1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro and in vivo assays showed that ATL5 functions as an E3 ligase and mediates the polyubiquitination and degradation of ABT1”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Disrupting ATL5 diminished degradation of translated ABT1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Disruption of ATL5e0
- Gene
- ATL5e0
- Outcome
- degradation of translated ABT1e0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disruption of ATL5 diminished the degradation of translated ABT1”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed aging induced degradation of translated ABT1 in a proteasome dependent manner.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Outcome
- degradatione0
- Qualifier
- proteasome-dependent mannere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the degradation could be induced by seed ageing and occurred in a proteasome-dependent manner”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Disrupting ABT1 enhanced seed longevity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- disruption of ABT1e0
- Gene
- ABT1e0
- Outcome
- seed longevitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disruption of ABT1 enhanced seed longevity”
t0“Arabidopsis”
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