Abstract
Cauliflower and tomato are two most important cash crops of the North-Western part of Himalayas often grown in sequence and bring remunerative returns to the farmers of mid-hill region. The study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of application of various nutrient combinations through organic and inorganic inputs on the post harvest soil fertility status, crop quality parameters, nutrient use efficiencies, nutrient harvest indices, and economics of the cauliflower–tomato production system. The total of 11 treatment combinations, comprising sole organics, graded doses of inorganics and substitution of inorganics with organic inputs were studied. The study concluded that the application of 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis significantly improved most of the quality and yield parameters in both the crops simultaneously giving highest N (197.8 kg ha−1) and K (167.4 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (46.3%), AE (57.0 kg kg−1), P harvest index (50.7%) and net returns (5476 US$ ha−1) in cauliflower. This treatment was also accorded with significantly highest N (141.9 kg ha−1), P (30.6 kg ha−1), and K (185.0 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (33.6%), AE (115.4 kg kg−1), and net returns (7858 US$ ha−1) in tomato. Hence, it is concluded that 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis may be adopted as cost-effective nutrient module for farmers following cauliflower–tomato cropping sequence to achieve higher crop production on sustainable basis.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
The 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC treatment significantly improved quality and yield parameters in cauliflower.
- Taxon
- cauliflower
Brassica oleracea var. botrytise1 - Treatment
- 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basise0
- Outcome
- quality and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Setting
- Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayast0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Under Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayas”
e0“the application of 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis significantly improved most of the quality and yield parameters in both the crops simultaneously”
e1“giving highest N (197.8 kg ha−1) and K (167.4 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (46.3%), AE (57.0 kg kg−1), P harvest index (50.7%) and net returns (5476 US$ ha−1) in cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment significantly improved quality and yield parameters in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume2 - Treatment
- 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basise0
- Outcome
- quality and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Setting
- Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayast0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Under Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayas”
e0“the application of 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis significantly improved most of the quality and yield parameters in both the crops simultaneously”
e2“This treatment was also accorded with significantly highest N (141.9 kg ha−1), P (30.6 kg ha−1), and K (185.0 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (33.6%), AE (115.4 kg kg−1), and net returns (7858 US$ ha−1) in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In cauliflower, the treatment gave the highest N uptake, 197.8 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise1
- Treatment
- 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basise0
- Outcome
- uptakee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 197.8 kg ha−1e1
- Setting
- Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayast0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Under Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayas”
e0“the application of 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis significantly improved most of the quality and yield parameters in both the crops simultaneously”
e1“giving highest N (197.8 kg ha−1) and K (167.4 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (46.3%), AE (57.0 kg kg−1), P harvest index (50.7%) and net returns (5476 US$ ha−1) in cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
In cauliflower, the treatment gave the higher K uptake, 167.4 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise1
- Treatment
- 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basise0
- Outcome
- uptakee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 167.4 kg ha−1e1
- Setting
- Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayast0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Under Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayas”
e0“the application of 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis significantly improved most of the quality and yield parameters in both the crops simultaneously”
e1“giving highest N (197.8 kg ha−1) and K (167.4 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (46.3%), AE (57.0 kg kg−1), P harvest index (50.7%) and net returns (5476 US$ ha−1) in cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
In cauliflower, the treatment gave the higher nutrient use efficiency (NUE), 46.3%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise1
- Treatment
- 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basise0
- Outcome
- NUEe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 46.3%e1
- Setting
- Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayast0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Under Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayas”
e0“the application of 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis significantly improved most of the quality and yield parameters in both the crops simultaneously”
e1“giving highest N (197.8 kg ha−1) and K (167.4 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (46.3%), AE (57.0 kg kg−1), P harvest index (50.7%) and net returns (5476 US$ ha−1) in cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
In cauliflower, the treatment gave the higher agronomic efficiency (AE), 57.0 kg kg−1.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise1
- Treatment
- 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basise0
- Outcome
- AEe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 57.0 kg kg−1e1
- Setting
- Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayast0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Under Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayas”
e0“the application of 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis significantly improved most of the quality and yield parameters in both the crops simultaneously”
e1“giving highest N (197.8 kg ha−1) and K (167.4 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (46.3%), AE (57.0 kg kg−1), P harvest index (50.7%) and net returns (5476 US$ ha−1) in cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
In cauliflower, the treatment gave the higher P harvest index, 50.7%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise1
- Treatment
- 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basise0
- Outcome
- P harvest indexe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 50.7%e1
- Setting
- Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayast0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Under Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayas”
e0“the application of 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis significantly improved most of the quality and yield parameters in both the crops simultaneously”
e1“giving highest N (197.8 kg ha−1) and K (167.4 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (46.3%), AE (57.0 kg kg−1), P harvest index (50.7%) and net returns (5476 US$ ha−1) in cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
In cauliflower, the treatment gave the higher net returns, 5476 US$ ha−1.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise1
- Treatment
- 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basise0
- Outcome
- net returnse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 5476 US$ ha−1e1
- Setting
- Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayast0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Under Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayas”
e0“the application of 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis significantly improved most of the quality and yield parameters in both the crops simultaneously”
e1“giving highest N (197.8 kg ha−1) and K (167.4 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (46.3%), AE (57.0 kg kg−1), P harvest index (50.7%) and net returns (5476 US$ ha−1) in cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato, the treatment gave the significantly highest N uptake, 141.9 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basise0
- Outcome
- uptakee2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 141.9 kg ha−1e2
- Setting
- Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayast0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Under Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayas”
e0“the application of 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis significantly improved most of the quality and yield parameters in both the crops simultaneously”
e2“This treatment was also accorded with significantly highest N (141.9 kg ha−1), P (30.6 kg ha−1), and K (185.0 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (33.6%), AE (115.4 kg kg−1), and net returns (7858 US$ ha−1) in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato, the treatment gave the higher P uptake, 30.6 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basise0
- Outcome
- uptakee2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 30.6 kg ha−1e2
- Setting
- Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayast0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Under Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayas”
e0“the application of 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis significantly improved most of the quality and yield parameters in both the crops simultaneously”
e2“This treatment was also accorded with significantly highest N (141.9 kg ha−1), P (30.6 kg ha−1), and K (185.0 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (33.6%), AE (115.4 kg kg−1), and net returns (7858 US$ ha−1) in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato, the treatment gave the higher K uptake, 185.0 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basise0
- Outcome
- uptakee2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 185.0 kg ha−1e2
- Setting
- Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayast0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Under Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayas”
e0“the application of 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis significantly improved most of the quality and yield parameters in both the crops simultaneously”
e2“This treatment was also accorded with significantly highest N (141.9 kg ha−1), P (30.6 kg ha−1), and K (185.0 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (33.6%), AE (115.4 kg kg−1), and net returns (7858 US$ ha−1) in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato, the treatment gave the higher NUE, 33.6%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basise0
- Outcome
- NUEe2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 33.6%e2
- Setting
- Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayast0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Under Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayas”
e0“the application of 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis significantly improved most of the quality and yield parameters in both the crops simultaneously”
e2“This treatment was also accorded with significantly highest N (141.9 kg ha−1), P (30.6 kg ha−1), and K (185.0 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (33.6%), AE (115.4 kg kg−1), and net returns (7858 US$ ha−1) in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato, the treatment gave the higher agronomic efficiency (AE), 115.4 kg kg−1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basise0
- Outcome
- AEe2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 115.4 kg kg−1e2
- Setting
- Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayast0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Under Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayas”
e0“the application of 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis significantly improved most of the quality and yield parameters in both the crops simultaneously”
e2“This treatment was also accorded with significantly highest N (141.9 kg ha−1), P (30.6 kg ha−1), and K (185.0 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (33.6%), AE (115.4 kg kg−1), and net returns (7858 US$ ha−1) in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In tomato, the treatment gave the higher net returns, 7858 US$ ha−1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basise0
- Outcome
- net returnse2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 7858 US$ ha−1e2
- Setting
- Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayast0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Under Subtropical Conditions in NW Himalayas”
e0“the application of 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis significantly improved most of the quality and yield parameters in both the crops simultaneously”
e2“This treatment was also accorded with significantly highest N (141.9 kg ha−1), P (30.6 kg ha−1), and K (185.0 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (33.6%), AE (115.4 kg kg−1), and net returns (7858 US$ ha−1) in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC module on 50:50 N-equivalence basis may be adopted as a cost-effective nutrient module for the cauliflower-tomato cropping sequence.
Verbatim
e3“75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis may be adopted as cost-effective nutrient module for farmers following cauliflower–tomato cropping sequence to achieve higher crop production on sustainable basis”
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