Abstract
This research studied the use of CO2 LASER microperforation as a pretreatment for the refractive window (RW) drying of apple slices with respect to total polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant capacity, color ΔE, and product stability under accelerated storage. For this purpose, the processing variables assessed were pore size (200–600 µm), pore density (9–25 pores/cm2), and drying temperature (70–90 °C). As baseline criteria, a comparison with respect to the control without microperforations and samples subjected to conventional tunnel and lyophilization were also considered. The increase in the pore size from 200 to 600 µm resulted in shorter drying times (≤40 min), minimal change in color (ΔE) and loss of TPC, while DPPH was negatively affected by the combined effect of the pore density and the drying temperature. In general, the use of RW with CO2 resulted in apples of higher quality than those obtained in conventional drying and comparable to those obtained through the use of freeze-drying. Finally, during accelerated storage, quality attributes decreased significantly for samples dried at 90 °C regardless of whether microperforations were used, suggesting that a compromise between drying temperature and pore size must be weighed to reduce processing time and to avoid further quality losses during storage.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing pore size from 200 to 600 µm shortened drying times to at most 40 min.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- increase in the pore size from 200 to 600 µme0
- Outcome
- drying timese0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Value
- ≤40 mine0
- Comparator
- 200e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Slices”
e0“The increase in the pore size from 200 to 600 µm resulted in shorter drying times (≤40 min)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing pore size from 200 to 600 µm produced minimal color change and TPC loss.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- increase in the pore size from 200 to 600 µme0
- Outcome
- color (ΔE) and loss of TPCe0
- Direction
- minimal changee0
- Comparator
- 200e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Slices”
e0“The increase in the pore size from 200 to 600 µm resulted in shorter drying times (≤40 min), minimal change in color (ΔE) and loss of TPC”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined pore density and drying temperature negatively affected DPPH.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- combined effect of the pore density and the drying temperaturee0
- Outcome
- DPPHe0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Slices”
e0“DPPH was negatively affected by the combined effect of the pore density and the drying temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
RW with CO2 gave apples of higher quality than conventional drying.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- RW with CO2e0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- conventional dryinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of RW with CO2 resulted in apples of higher quality than those obtained in conventional drying”
Claim · model-written summary
RW with CO2 gave apple quality comparable to freeze-drying.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- RW with CO2e0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- freeze-dryinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of RW with CO2 resulted in apples of higher quality than those obtained in conventional drying and comparable to those obtained through the use of freeze-drying”
Claim · model-written summary
At 90 °C, apple quality attributes decreased significantly during accelerated storage regardless of microperforation.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- dried at 90 °Ce0
- Outcome
- quality attributese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- regardless of whether microperforations were usede0
- Setting
- accelerated storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Slices”
e0“during accelerated storage, quality attributes decreased significantly for samples dried at 90 °C regardless of whether microperforations were used”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend balancing drying temperature and pore size to shorten processing time while avoiding storage quality losses.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- a compromise between drying temperature and pore size must be weighede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Slices”
e0“a compromise between drying temperature and pore size must be weighed to reduce processing time and to avoid further quality losses during storage”
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