Abstract
Chemical fertilizers are commonly used to meet the nutritional demands of crops and boost their yields. However, their high costs and excessive application in soils increase the cost of production and have negative effects on the soil and environmental health. Vermicompost is an organic amendment that can potentially lessen the dependence on chemical fertilizers, with the additional advantages of sustainable nutrient supply to crops and maintaining soil health. To evaluate the potential of the two diverse vermicompost, the sole and combined applications of these vermicompost with reduced rates of chemical fertilizers were used for tomato cultivation in a field study. The results indicated that vermicompost produced from cattle manure combined with chemical fertilizers was more effective in improving tomato growth, physiology, yield, and nutritional attributes. Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved the root length (21.6%), plant height (167%), SPAD value (13.5%), chlorophyll ‘a’ (96%), chlorophyll ‘b’ (161%), relative water content (16%), membrane stability index (18%), carotenoid (87%), yield (82%), photosynthetic rate (148%), fruit diameter (83%), protein (89%), fat (27.5%), fiber (12%), vitamin C (52%), calcium (54%), magnesium (117%), phosphorus (38%) and potassium (128%). In addition, significant improvements in different soil physicochemical properties were also pragmatic. The results suggest that vermicompost application with reduced doses of chemical fertilizers can be used to improve crop yield and soil physico-chemical properties.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Cattle manure vermicompost combined with chemical fertilizers was more effective for tomato growth, physiology, yield, and nutrition.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- vermicompost produced from cattle manure combined with chemical fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- tomato growth, physiology, yield, and nutritional attributese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost produced from cattle manure combined with chemical fertilizers was more effective in improving tomato growth, physiology, yield, and nutritional attributes”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato root length by 21.6% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 21.6%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length (21.6%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato plant height by 167% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 167%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height (167%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato SPAD value by 13.5% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- SPAD valuee0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 13.5%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SPAD value (13.5%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato chlorophyll ‘a’ by 96% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ‘a’e0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 96%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll ‘a’ (96%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato chlorophyll ‘b’ by 161% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ‘b’e0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 161%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll ‘b’ (161%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato relative water content by 16% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 16%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative water content (16%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato membrane stability index by 18% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- membrane stability indexe0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 18%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“membrane stability index (18%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato carotenoid by 87% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- carotenoide0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 87%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carotenoid (87%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato yield by 82% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 82%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield (82%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato photosynthetic rate by 148% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 148%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic rate (148%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato fruit diameter by 83% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- fruit diametere0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 83%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit diameter (83%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato protein by 89% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 89%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protein (89%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato fat by 27.5% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- fate0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 27.5%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fat (27.5%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato fiber by 12% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- fibere0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 12%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fiber (12%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato vitamin C by 52% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 52%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vitamin C (52%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato calcium by 54% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- calciume0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 54%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“calcium (54%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato magnesium by 117% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- magnesiume0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 117%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“magnesium (117%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato phosphorus by 38% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- phosphoruse0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 38%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phosphorus (38%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved tomato potassium by 128% compared with NP applied.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizere1
- Outcome
- potassiume0
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 128%e0
- Comparator
- NP appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potassium (128%)”
e1“Compared to the control treatment (NP applied), the combined application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer significantly improved”
t0“Tomato”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · quality: protein · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →fertilization · physiology: water · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
32 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
37 papers more in this group
See all 41 papers →fertilization · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
40 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
41 papers more in this group
See all 45 papers →fertilization · quality: grain · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
49 papers more in this group
See all 53 papers →fertilization · physiology: pigments · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
83 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- no effect
101 papers more in this group
See all 105 papers →fertilization · quality: phytochemicals · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
154 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
167 papers more in this group
See all 171 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
225 papers in the same direction as this paper · 38 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
267 papers more in this group
See all 271 papers →fertilization · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
566 papers in the same direction as this paper · 93 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
664 papers more in this group
See all 668 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.