Abstract
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a global pest, well-known for its capacity to transmit begomoviruses during sap sucking (<24h). Chemical control is mainly adopted, aiming to kill the insect before it acquires and transmits virus. In the present study, we evaluated the toxicity of 17 insecticides on B. tabaci and subsequently determined the lethal time for this pest (only for the insecticides that caused B. tabaci mortality equal to or greater than 80%). Here, we present an efficient methodology for assessing the toxicity in the individual adult. We also provided an investigation regarding the residual effect of insecticides to control B. tabaci on cabbage in greenhouses. The selectivity of these insecticides for the predator minute pirate bug Orius tristicolor was also assessed. Bifenthrin, cartap, chlorfenapyr and chlorpyrifos caused ≥ 80% mortality on whitefly adults. They also showed fast lethal effect (<24 h), principally cartap, which caused 100% of mortality in only 45 min. However, these insecticides showed a short residual period of whitefly control (<3 days) and did not present physiological selectivity for O. tristicolor. In terms of whitefly management, only a few insecticides were efficient to avoid begomoviruse transmission. The short residual period and the absence of physiological selectivity for the predator suggests that the use of these products should involve a sustainable approach. Taking pest population levels into account when making control decisions and for predator preservation in the agroecosystems should positively contribute to more sustainable whitefly management.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Bifenthrin, cartap, chlorfenapyr and chlorpyrifos killed at least 80% of adult whiteflies.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae0 - Treatment
- Bifenthrin, cartap, chlorfenapyr and chlorpyrifose1
- Interactor
- whiteflye1pest
- Outcome
- mortality on whitefly adultse1
- Direction
- causede1
- Value
- ≥ 80%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on cabbage in greenhouses”
e1“Bifenthrin, cartap, chlorfenapyr and chlorpyrifos caused ≥ 80% mortality on whitefly adults”
Claim · model-written summary
Those four insecticides killed whiteflies in less than 24 h.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- Bifenthrin, cartap, chlorfenapyr and chlorpyrifose1
- Interactor
- whiteflye1pest
- Outcome
- lethal effecte1
- Direction
- faste1
- Value
- <24 he1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on cabbage in greenhouses”
e1“Bifenthrin, cartap, chlorfenapyr and chlorpyrifos caused ≥ 80% mortality on whitefly adults. They also showed fast lethal effect (<24 h)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cartap caused 100% whitefly mortality in 45 min.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- cartape1
- Interactor
- whiteflye2pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Direction
- causede1
- Value
- 100%e1
- Qualifier
- 45 mine1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on cabbage in greenhouses”
e1“cartap, which caused 100% of mortality in only 45 min”
e2“whitefly adults”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual whitefly control from these insecticides lasted less than three days.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- these insecticidese1
- Interactor
- whiteflye1pest
- Outcome
- residual period of whitefly controle1
- Direction
- shorte1
- Value
- <3 dayse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on cabbage in greenhouses”
e1“these insecticides showed a short residual period of whitefly control (<3 days)”
Claim · model-written summary
These insecticides lacked physiological selectivity for Orius tristicolor.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- these insecticidese1
- Interactor
- O. tristicolor
Orius tristicolore1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- physiological selectivity for O. tristicolore1
- Direction
- did not presente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on cabbage in greenhouses”
e1“these insecticides showed a short residual period of whitefly control (<3 days) and did not present physiological selectivity for O. tristicolor”
Claim · model-written summary
Only a few insecticides were judged effective at avoiding begomovirus transmission.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Interactor
- begomovirusee1pathogen
- Outcome
- begomoviruse transmissione1
- Direction
- avoide1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on cabbage in greenhouses”
e1“only a few insecticides were efficient to avoid begomoviruse transmission”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend control decisions based on pest population levels to preserve predators.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Interactor
- whiteflye1pest
- Outcome
- Taking pest population levels into account when making control decisions and for predator preservatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on cabbage in greenhouses”
e1“Taking pest population levels into account when making control decisions and for predator preservation in the agroecosystems should positively contribute to more sustainable whitefly management”
The same questions in other papers
cartap · pest · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
bifenthrin · pest · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
chlorfenapyr · pest · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
chlorpyrifos · pest · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →insecticide · control · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.