Abstract
Spinach seeds were irradiated with gamma-rays after that soaked in zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) at 0.0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm for twenty-four hours at room temperature. Vegetative plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, and proline contents were investigated. Also, anatomical studies and the polymorphism by the SCoT technique were conducted. The present results revealed that the germination percentage was at the maximum values for the treatment of 100 ppm ZnO-NPs (92%), followed by 100 ppm ZnO-NPs + 60 Gy (90%). The application of ZnO-NPs resulted in an enhancement in the plant length. The maximum of chlorophylls and carotenoids content was recorded in the treatment, 100 ppm ZnO-NPs + 60 Gy. Meanwhile, the irradiation dose level (60 Gy) with all ZnO-NPs treatments increased proline content and reached its maximum increase to 1.069 mg/g FW for the treatment 60 Gy combined with 200 ppm ZnO-NPs. Also, the anatomical studies declared that there were variations between the treatments; un-irradiated and irradiated combined with ZnO-NPs plants which reveal that the leave epidermal tissue increased with 200 ppm ZnO-NPs in both the upper and lower epidermis. While irradiated plants with 60 Gy combined with 100 ppm ZnO-NPs gave more thickness of upper epidermis. As well as SCoT molecular marker technique effectively induced molecular alterations between the treatments. Where, SCoT primers targeted many new and missing amplicons that are expected to be associated with the lowly and highly expressed genes with 18.2 and 81.8%, respectively. Also, showed that the soaking in ZnO-NPs was helped for reducing molecular alteration rate, both spontaneous and induced by gamma irradiation. This nominates ZnO-NPs as potential nano-protective agents that can reduce irradiation-induced genetic damage.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Spinach germination percentage was highest (92%) with 100 ppm ZnO-NPs.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceat0 - Treatment
- 100 ppm ZnO-NPse1
- Outcome
- germination percentagee1
- Direction
- maximum valuese1
- Value
- 92%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e1“the germination percentage was at the maximum values for the treatment of 100 ppm ZnO-NPs (92%), followed by 100 ppm ZnO-NPs + 60 Gy (90%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinach germination percentage with 100 ppm ZnO-NPs plus 60 Gy was 90%, followed by the ZnO-NPs treatment.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 100 ppm ZnO-NPs + 60 Gye1
- Outcome
- germination percentagee1
- Direction
- followed bye1
- Value
- 90%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e1“the germination percentage was at the maximum values for the treatment of 100 ppm ZnO-NPs (92%), followed by 100 ppm ZnO-NPs + 60 Gy (90%)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO-NPs enhanced spinach plant length.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPse2
- Outcome
- plant lengthe2
- Direction
- enhancemente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e2“The application of ZnO-NPs resulted in an enhancement in the plant length”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined 100 ppm ZnO-NPs plus 60 Gy treatment gave the maximum chlorophyll and carotenoid content in spinach.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 100 ppm ZnO-NPs + 60 Gye3
- Outcome
- chlorophylls and carotenoids contente3
- Direction
- maximume3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e3“The maximum of chlorophylls and carotenoids content was recorded in the treatment, 100 ppm ZnO-NPs + 60 Gy”
Claim · model-written summary
60 Gy irradiation with all ZnO-NPs treatments increased spinach proline content.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 60 Gye4
- Outcome
- proline contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e4“the irradiation dose level (60 Gy) with all ZnO-NPs treatments increased proline content and reached its maximum increase to 1.069 mg/g FW for the treatment 60 Gy combined with 200 ppm ZnO-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
The 60 Gy plus 200 ppm ZnO-NPs treatment gave the maximum proline increase in spinach, to 1.069 mg/g FW.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 60 Gy combined with 200 ppm ZnO-NPse4
- Outcome
- proline contente4
- Direction
- maximum increasee4
- Value
- 1.069 mg/g FWe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e4“the irradiation dose level (60 Gy) with all ZnO-NPs treatments increased proline content and reached its maximum increase to 1.069 mg/g FW for the treatment 60 Gy combined with 200 ppm ZnO-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
200 ppm ZnO-NPs increased leaf epidermal tissue in both the upper and lower epidermis of spinach.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Organ / stage
- leavee5
- Treatment
- 200 ppm ZnO-NPse5
- Outcome
- epidermal tissuee5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e5“the leave epidermal tissue increased with 200 ppm ZnO-NPs in both the upper and lower epidermis”
Claim · model-written summary
60 Gy plus 100 ppm ZnO-NPs gave more thickness of the upper epidermis in spinach.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Organ / stage
- upper epidermise6
- Treatment
- 60 Gy combined with 100 ppm ZnO-NPse6
- Outcome
- thickness of upper epidermise6
- Direction
- moree6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e6“While irradiated plants with 60 Gy combined with 100 ppm ZnO-NPs gave more thickness of upper epidermis”
Claim · model-written summary
SCoT primers targeted new and missing amplicons associated with lowly and highly expressed genes, at 18.2 and 81.8%.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Outcome
- new and missing ampliconse7
- Value
- 18.2 and 81.8%e7
- Qualifier
- associated with the lowly and highly expressed genese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e7“SCoT primers targeted many new and missing amplicons that are expected to be associated with the lowly and highly expressed genes with 18.2 and 81.8%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The SCoT marker technique effectively induced molecular alterations between the treatments.
Verbatim
e7“SCoT molecular marker technique effectively induced molecular alterations between the treatments. Where, SCoT primers targeted many new and missing amplicons that are expected to be associated with the lowly and highly expressed genes with 18.2 and 81.8%, respectively. Also, showed that the soaking in ZnO-NPs was helped for reducing molecular alteration rate, both spontaneous and induced by gamma irradiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Soaking in ZnO-NPs reduced the molecular alteration rate in spinach, both spontaneous and gamma-induced.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- soaking in ZnO-NPse7
- Outcome
- molecular alteration ratee7
- Direction
- reducinge7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e7“SCoT molecular marker technique effectively induced molecular alterations between the treatments. Where, SCoT primers targeted many new and missing amplicons that are expected to be associated with the lowly and highly expressed genes with 18.2 and 81.8%, respectively. Also, showed that the soaking in ZnO-NPs was helped for reducing molecular alteration rate, both spontaneous and induced by gamma irradiation”
The same questions in other papers
zinc oxide · growth · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.