Abstract
High Cd pollution can damage plant physiology and seriously threaten ecological security and human health. Therefore, we designed a cropping system, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) - soybean - Solanum nigrum L., to solve the high Cd pollution problem in an environmentally and economically friendly way. The results showed that AMF were able to break free from the constraints of cocultivation and still promote plant photosynthesis and growth in combined treatments to resist Cd stress. In addition, cocultivation combined with AMF improved the antioxidant defense to scavenge reactive oxygen species by promoting the production of antioxidant enzymes and nonenzyme substances in host plants. The glutathione content in soybean and the catalase activity in nightshade were recorded at the highest values under cocultivation combined with AMF treatment, which were 23.68% and 129.12% higher than those of monoculture without AMF treatments. The improvement in antioxidant defense alleviated oxidative stress, which was manifested by the reduction in Cd dense electronic particles in the ultrastructure and a 26.38% decrease in MDA content. Furthermore, this cropping mode combined the advantages of cocultivation to improve the Cd extraction efficiency and Rhizophagus intraradices to limit Cd accumulation and transport so that Cd was more accumulated and restricted in the roots of the cocultivated Solanum nigrum L., and the Cd concentration in soybean beans was reduced by 56% compared with the soybean monoculture without AMF treatment. Therefore, we suggest that this cropping system is a comprehensive and mild remediation technology suitable for highly Cd-contaminated soil.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
AMF promoted photosynthesis and growth in combined treatments under Cd stress.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“AMF were able to break free from the constraints of cocultivation and still promote plant photosynthesis and growth in combined treatments to resist Cd stress”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cocultivation with AMF improved host-plant antioxidant defense.
- Treatment
- cocultivation combined with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- antioxidant defensee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“cocultivation combined with AMF improved the antioxidant defense to scavenge reactive oxygen species by promoting the production of antioxidant enzymes and nonenzyme substances in host plants”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean glutathione content under cocultivation with AMF was 23.68% higher than monoculture without AMF.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- cocultivation combined with AMF treatmente0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- glutathione contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 23.68%e0
- Comparator
- monoculture without AMF treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The glutathione content in soybean and the catalase activity in nightshade were recorded at the highest values under cocultivation combined with AMF treatment, which were 23.68% and 129.12% higher than those of monoculture without AMF treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Nightshade catalase activity under cocultivation with AMF was 129.12% higher than monoculture without AMF.
Verbatim
e0“The glutathione content in soybean and the catalase activity in nightshade were recorded at the highest values under cocultivation combined with AMF treatment, which were 23.68% and 129.12% higher than those of monoculture without AMF treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment reduced Cd dense electronic particles in plant ultrastructure.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“The improvement in antioxidant defense alleviated oxidative stress, which was manifested by the reduction in Cd dense electronic particles in the ultrastructure”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment lowered MDA content by 26.38%.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“The improvement in antioxidant defense alleviated oxidative stress, which was manifested by the reduction in Cd dense electronic particles in the ultrastructure and a 26.38% decrease in MDA content”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cocultivation improved Cd extraction efficiency.
- Treatment
- cocultivatione0
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese0symbiont
- Outcome
- Cd extraction efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“this cropping mode combined the advantages of cocultivation to improve the Cd extraction efficiency and Rhizophagus intraradices to limit Cd accumulation and transport”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizophagus intraradices limited Cd accumulation and transport.
- Taxon
- Solanum nigrum L.
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=60)
Solanum nigrume0 - Treatment
- Rhizophagus intraradicese0
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese0symbiont
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation and transporte0
- Direction
- limite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Rhizophagus intraradices to limit Cd accumulation and transport so that Cd was more accumulated and restricted in the roots of the cocultivated Solanum nigrum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd accumulated and was restricted more in cocultivated Solanum nigrum roots.
- Taxon
- Solanum nigrum L.Solanum nigrume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- cocultivatede0
- Outcome
- Cde0
- Direction
- more accumulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd was more accumulated and restricted in the roots of the cocultivated Solanum nigrum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean bean Cd concentration fell 56% relative to soybean monoculture without AMF.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- AMF treatmente0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in soybean beanse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 56%e0
- Comparator
- soybean monoculture without AMF treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Cd concentration in soybean beans was reduced by 56% compared with the soybean monoculture without AMF treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend this cropping system for highly Cd-contaminated soil remediation.
- Outcome
- this cropping system is a comprehensive and mild remediation technology suitable for highly Cd-contaminated soile0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“we suggest that this cropping system is a comprehensive and mild remediation technology suitable for highly Cd-contaminated soil”
t0“soybean”
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.