Abstract
The present study was carried out at Lovely Professional university, Phagwara, Punjab during 2019 to study the performance of okra under irrigation levels and mulching methods under drip irrigation. The treatment comprised of 3 irrigation levels (1.0 ETc, 0.8 ETc and 0.6 ETc) and 5 mulch methods (black plastic mulch, silver plastic mulch, straw mulch, soil mulch and no mulch) laid out in split plot design replicated thrice. The growth and yield attributes were significantly influenced by irrigation levels and mulching methods. The irrigation level I2 (0.8 ETc) significantly exhibited maximum plant height (100.45 cm), number of branches per plant (1.77), and yield per plant (216.59 g) whereas irrigation level I1 (1.0 ETc) recorded maximum pod yield (15.59 tonnes/ha) which is at par with irrigation level I2 (15.36 tonnes/ha). The black plastic mulch was found significantly superior over no mulch treatments in terms plant height, number of branches, pod yield per plant, pod yield (19.09 tonnes/ha). The maximum water use efficiency (0.41 tonnes/ha-cm) was recorded in irrigation treatment I3 and in black plastic mulch (0.46 tonnes/ha-cm). The interaction effect of irrigation and mulching not showed significant difference on pod yield but significantly affected water use efficiency. At interaction effect, the maximum water use efficiency (0.56 tonnes/ha-cm) in combination of I3 and M1. Maximum B:C ratio was recorded in irrigation level I1 (3.49) which is at par with I2 (3.40). Black plastic mulch recorded higher B:C ratio (3.40). The interaction effect did not showed significant effect on B:C ratio. Looking the higher yield of crop, water use efficiency and higher B:C ratio, it can be recommended that okra crop showed good performance under irrigation level I2 and black plastic mulch.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
I2 irrigation produced the maximum plant height.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentust0 - Treatment
- 0.8 ETce0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 100.45 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The irrigation level I2 (0.8 ETc) significantly exhibited maximum plant height (100.45 cm), number of branches per plant (1.77), and yield per plant (216.59 g) whereas irrigation level I1 (1.0 ETc) recorded maximum pod yield (15.59 tonnes/ha) which is at par with irrigation level I2 (15.36 tonnes/ha).”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
I2 irrigation produced the maximum number of branches per plant.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 0.8 ETce0
- Outcome
- number of branches per plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.77e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The irrigation level I2 (0.8 ETc) significantly exhibited maximum plant height (100.45 cm), number of branches per plant (1.77), and yield per plant (216.59 g) whereas irrigation level I1 (1.0 ETc) recorded maximum pod yield (15.59 tonnes/ha) which is at par with irrigation level I2 (15.36 tonnes/ha).”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
I2 irrigation produced the maximum yield per plant.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 0.8 ETce0
- Outcome
- yield per plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 216.59 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The irrigation level I2 (0.8 ETc) significantly exhibited maximum plant height (100.45 cm), number of branches per plant (1.77), and yield per plant (216.59 g) whereas irrigation level I1 (1.0 ETc) recorded maximum pod yield (15.59 tonnes/ha) which is at par with irrigation level I2 (15.36 tonnes/ha).”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
I1 irrigation gave maximum pod yield, statistically at par with I2.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 1.0 ETce0
- Outcome
- pod yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 15.59 tonnes/hae0
- Qualifier
- 15.36 tonnes/hae0
- Comparator
- 0.8 ETce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The irrigation level I2 (0.8 ETc) significantly exhibited maximum plant height (100.45 cm), number of branches per plant (1.77), and yield per plant (216.59 g) whereas irrigation level I1 (1.0 ETc) recorded maximum pod yield (15.59 tonnes/ha) which is at par with irrigation level I2 (15.36 tonnes/ha).”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Black plastic mulch exceeded no mulch for plant height, branch number and pod yield per plant.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- black plastic mulche0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of branches, pod yield per plante0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- no mulche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The black plastic mulch was found significantly superior over no mulch treatments in terms plant height, number of branches, pod yield per plant, pod yield (19.09 tonnes/ha).”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Black plastic mulch exceeded no mulch for pod yield.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- black plastic mulche0
- Outcome
- pod yielde0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 19.09 tonnes/hae0
- Comparator
- no mulche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The black plastic mulch was found significantly superior over no mulch treatments in terms plant height, number of branches, pod yield per plant, pod yield (19.09 tonnes/ha).”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
I3 irrigation had maximum water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- irrigation treatment I3e0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 0.41 tonnes/ha-cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum water use efficiency (0.41 tonnes/ha-cm) was recorded in irrigation treatment I3 and in black plastic mulch (0.46 tonnes/ha-cm).”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Black plastic mulch had maximum water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- black plastic mulche0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 0.46 tonnes/ha-cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum water use efficiency (0.41 tonnes/ha-cm) was recorded in irrigation treatment I3 and in black plastic mulch (0.46 tonnes/ha-cm).”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
The irrigation by mulching interaction had no significant difference in pod yield.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- irrigation and mulchinge0
- Outcome
- pod yielde0
- Direction
- not showed significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction effect of irrigation and mulching not showed significant difference on pod yield but significantly affected water use efficiency.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
The irrigation by mulching interaction significantly affected water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- irrigation and mulchinge0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction effect of irrigation and mulching not showed significant difference on pod yield but significantly affected water use efficiency.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
The I3 and M1 combination had maximum water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- combination of I3 and M1e0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 0.56 tonnes/ha-cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At interaction effect, the maximum water use efficiency (0.56 tonnes/ha-cm) in combination of I3 and M1.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
I1 had maximum B:C ratio, at par with I2.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- irrigation level I1e0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 3.49e0
- Qualifier
- 3.40e0
- Comparator
- I2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum B:C ratio was recorded in irrigation level I1 (3.49) which is at par with I2 (3.40). Black plastic mulch recorded higher B:C ratio (3.40). The interaction effect did not showed significant effect on B:C ratio.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Black plastic mulch had higher B:C ratio.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Black plastic mulche0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.40e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum B:C ratio was recorded in irrigation level I1 (3.49) which is at par with I2 (3.40). Black plastic mulch recorded higher B:C ratio (3.40). The interaction effect did not showed significant effect on B:C ratio.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction had no significant effect on B:C ratio.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- interaction effecte0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- did not showed significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum B:C ratio was recorded in irrigation level I1 (3.49) which is at par with I2 (3.40). Black plastic mulch recorded higher B:C ratio (3.40). The interaction effect did not showed significant effect on B:C ratio.”
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend I2 irrigation and black plastic mulch for okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Outcome
- irrigation level I2 and black plastic mulche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it can be recommended that okra crop showed good performance under irrigation level I2 and black plastic mulch.”
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