Abstract
In order to investigate the impact of peach branch derived fertilizer (PB), cow manure derived fertilizer (CM) and silicon liquid fertilizer (Si) on the growth and Cd uptake of the Spinacia oleracea L. in the Cd contaminated soil, a pot experiment was conducted. The fertilizers were applied with low (L), medium (M) or high (H) levels, leading to nine treatments and a control group (CK). As a result, compared to CK, PB increased shoot dry mass by 15 to 46% and reduced shoot Cd by 19 to 56%; CM increased shoot dry mass by 6.1 to 162% and reduced shoot Cd by 38 to 55%; Si showed no effect on plant biomass but significantly reduced the root Cd bioconcentration factor. The CMM and CMH significantly reduced soil-available Cd by 6.5 and 7.5%, respectively, compared to CK. The CM enhanced the plant biomass dilution of Cd and decreased soil-available Cd, but led to higher total shoot Cd accumulation. PB led to simultaneous decline of the shoot Cd and total shoot Cd accumulation, indicating a stronger plant Cd “rejection” effect, independent from biomass accumulation. Si reduced plant root Cd with the sacrifice of biomass accumulation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Peach branch derived fertilizer (PB) increased spinach shoot dry mass by 15 to 46% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleraceae0 - Organ / stage
- shoote1
- Treatment
- peach branch derived fertilizer (PB)e0
- Outcome
- shoot dry masse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 15 to 46%e1
- Comparator
- CKe1
- Setting
- pot experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In order to investigate the impact of peach branch derived fertilizer (PB), cow manure derived fertilizer (CM) and silicon liquid fertilizer (Si) on the growth and Cd uptake of the Spinacia oleracea L. in the Cd contaminated soil, a pot experiment was conducted”
e1“As a result, compared to CK, PB increased shoot dry mass by 15 to 46% and reduced shoot Cd by 19 to 56%”
Claim · model-written summary
Peach branch derived fertilizer (PB) reduced spinach shoot Cd by 19 to 56% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Organ / stage
- shoote1
- Treatment
- peach branch derived fertilizer (PB)e0
- Outcome
- shoot Cde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 19 to 56%e1
- Comparator
- CKe1
- Setting
- pot experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In order to investigate the impact of peach branch derived fertilizer (PB), cow manure derived fertilizer (CM) and silicon liquid fertilizer (Si) on the growth and Cd uptake of the Spinacia oleracea L. in the Cd contaminated soil, a pot experiment was conducted”
e1“As a result, compared to CK, PB increased shoot dry mass by 15 to 46% and reduced shoot Cd by 19 to 56%”
Claim · model-written summary
Cow manure derived fertilizer (CM) increased spinach shoot dry mass by 6.1 to 162% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Organ / stage
- shoote2
- Treatment
- cow manure derived fertilizer (CM)e0
- Outcome
- shoot dry masse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 6.1 to 162%e2
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In order to investigate the impact of peach branch derived fertilizer (PB), cow manure derived fertilizer (CM) and silicon liquid fertilizer (Si) on the growth and Cd uptake of the Spinacia oleracea L. in the Cd contaminated soil, a pot experiment was conducted”
e1“As a result, compared to CK, PB increased shoot dry mass by 15 to 46% and reduced shoot Cd by 19 to 56%”
e2“CM increased shoot dry mass by 6.1 to 162% and reduced shoot Cd by 38 to 55%”
Claim · model-written summary
Cow manure derived fertilizer (CM) reduced spinach shoot Cd by 38 to 55% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Organ / stage
- shoote2
- Treatment
- cow manure derived fertilizer (CM)e0
- Outcome
- shoot Cde2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 38 to 55%e2
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In order to investigate the impact of peach branch derived fertilizer (PB), cow manure derived fertilizer (CM) and silicon liquid fertilizer (Si) on the growth and Cd uptake of the Spinacia oleracea L. in the Cd contaminated soil, a pot experiment was conducted”
e1“As a result, compared to CK, PB increased shoot dry mass by 15 to 46% and reduced shoot Cd by 19 to 56%”
e2“CM increased shoot dry mass by 6.1 to 162% and reduced shoot Cd by 38 to 55%”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon liquid fertilizer (Si) had no effect on spinach plant biomass.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- silicon liquid fertilizer (Si)e0
- Outcome
- plant biomasse3
- Direction
- no effecte3
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In order to investigate the impact of peach branch derived fertilizer (PB), cow manure derived fertilizer (CM) and silicon liquid fertilizer (Si) on the growth and Cd uptake of the Spinacia oleracea L. in the Cd contaminated soil, a pot experiment was conducted”
e1“As a result, compared to CK, PB increased shoot dry mass by 15 to 46% and reduced shoot Cd by 19 to 56%”
e3“Si showed no effect on plant biomass but significantly reduced the root Cd bioconcentration factor”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon liquid fertilizer (Si) significantly reduced the root Cd bioconcentration factor of spinach.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- silicon liquid fertilizer (Si)e0
- Outcome
- root Cd bioconcentration factore3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In order to investigate the impact of peach branch derived fertilizer (PB), cow manure derived fertilizer (CM) and silicon liquid fertilizer (Si) on the growth and Cd uptake of the Spinacia oleracea L. in the Cd contaminated soil, a pot experiment was conducted”
e1“As a result, compared to CK, PB increased shoot dry mass by 15 to 46% and reduced shoot Cd by 19 to 56%”
e3“Si showed no effect on plant biomass but significantly reduced the root Cd bioconcentration factor”
Claim · model-written summary
CMM and CMH significantly reduced soil-available Cd by 6.5 and 7.5%, respectively, relative to the control.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- CMM and CMHe4
- Outcome
- soil-available Cde4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 6.5 and 7.5%e4
- Comparator
- CKe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In order to investigate the impact of peach branch derived fertilizer (PB), cow manure derived fertilizer (CM) and silicon liquid fertilizer (Si) on the growth and Cd uptake of the Spinacia oleracea L. in the Cd contaminated soil, a pot experiment was conducted”
e4“The CMM and CMH significantly reduced soil-available Cd by 6.5 and 7.5%, respectively, compared to CK”
Claim · model-written summary
Cow manure derived fertilizer (CM) decreased soil-available Cd.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- CMe5
- Outcome
- soil-available Cde5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In order to investigate the impact of peach branch derived fertilizer (PB), cow manure derived fertilizer (CM) and silicon liquid fertilizer (Si) on the growth and Cd uptake of the Spinacia oleracea L. in the Cd contaminated soil, a pot experiment was conducted”
e1“As a result, compared to CK, PB increased shoot dry mass by 15 to 46% and reduced shoot Cd by 19 to 56%”
e5“The CM enhanced the plant biomass dilution of Cd and decreased soil-available Cd, but led to higher total shoot Cd accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Cow manure derived fertilizer (CM) led to higher total shoot Cd accumulation in spinach.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- CMe5
- Outcome
- total shoot Cd accumulatione5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In order to investigate the impact of peach branch derived fertilizer (PB), cow manure derived fertilizer (CM) and silicon liquid fertilizer (Si) on the growth and Cd uptake of the Spinacia oleracea L. in the Cd contaminated soil, a pot experiment was conducted”
e1“As a result, compared to CK, PB increased shoot dry mass by 15 to 46% and reduced shoot Cd by 19 to 56%”
e5“The CM enhanced the plant biomass dilution of Cd and decreased soil-available Cd, but led to higher total shoot Cd accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Peach branch derived fertilizer (PB) simultaneously declined shoot Cd and total shoot Cd accumulation in spinach.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- PBe6
- Outcome
- shoot Cd and total shoot Cd accumulatione6
- Direction
- declinee6
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In order to investigate the impact of peach branch derived fertilizer (PB), cow manure derived fertilizer (CM) and silicon liquid fertilizer (Si) on the growth and Cd uptake of the Spinacia oleracea L. in the Cd contaminated soil, a pot experiment was conducted”
e1“As a result, compared to CK, PB increased shoot dry mass by 15 to 46% and reduced shoot Cd by 19 to 56%”
e6“PB led to simultaneous decline of the shoot Cd and total shoot Cd accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon liquid fertilizer (Si) reduced spinach plant root Cd at the cost of biomass accumulation.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- Sie7
- Outcome
- plant root Cde7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Qualifier
- with the sacrifice of biomass accumulatione7
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In order to investigate the impact of peach branch derived fertilizer (PB), cow manure derived fertilizer (CM) and silicon liquid fertilizer (Si) on the growth and Cd uptake of the Spinacia oleracea L. in the Cd contaminated soil, a pot experiment was conducted”
e1“As a result, compared to CK, PB increased shoot dry mass by 15 to 46% and reduced shoot Cd by 19 to 56%”
e7“Si reduced plant root Cd with the sacrifice of biomass accumulation”
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